Also known as ETE Locality 642, Orange Breccia, Pink Breccia
Where: South Africa (26.0° S, 27.7° E: paleocoordinates 26.2° S, 27.5° E)
• local area-level geographic resolution
When: 11 Member (Swartkrans Formation), Early/Lower Pleistocene (2.6 - 0.8 Ma)
• ETE dating method: composite, ETE age comment: age=Pleistocene=approx. 1.7 my based on hominid and faunal evidence
Environment/lithology: wet floodplain; breccia
Collection methods: bulk, quarrying, surface (float)
• ETE Size: both; ETE reference list: 478, ; ETE museum list: TM
Primary reference: C. K. Brain. 1994. The Swartkrans Palaeontological Research Project in perspective: results and conclusions. South African Journal of Science 90:220-223 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Kosnik]more details
Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis
PaleoDB collection 21824: authorized by Anna Behrensmeyer, entered by Anna Behrensmeyer on 17.10.1995, edited by John Damuth, Richard Potts and Hannah O'Regan
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
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Reptilia | |
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Aves | |
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Reptilia | |
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Mammalia | |
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cf. Elephas sp. Linnaeus 1758 elephant | |
Procavia antiqua Broom 1934 Cape hyrax
Procavia transvaalensis Shaw 1937 Cape hyrax | |
Orycteropus afer Pallas 1766 aardvark | |
Elephantulus sp. Thomas and Schwann 1906 elephant shrew
Elephantulus cf. brachyrhynchus Smith 1834 Short-snouted elephant shrew ETE minimum number of individuals; species: mak - subgenus name taken from unique name field
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Pedetes sp. Illiger 1811 springhaas | |
cf. Palaeomys gracilis beaver | |
Hystrix cf. makapanensis porcupine
Hystrix africaeaustralis Peters 1852 Cape porcupine | |
Cryptomys robertsi mole rat
Cryptomys sp. Gray 1964 mole rat | |
Mus cf. minutoides, Mus cf. triton, Tatera sp., Tatera robinsoni, Otomys gracilis, Lemniscomys sp., Steatomys cf. pratensis, Dasymys cf. bolti
Mus cf. minutoides house mouse
Mus cf. triton house mouse
Tatera sp. Lataste 1882 large naked-soled gerbil
Tatera robinsoni large naked-soled gerbil ETE minimum number of individuals; species: sp.nov.-Swartkrans
Lemniscomys sp. Trouessart 1881 striped grass mouse ETE minimum number of individuals; species: sp.nov.-Swartkrans
Steatomys cf. pratensis Peters 1846 fat mouse
Dasymys cf. bolti mouse | |
Cricetidae indet. Fischer von Waldheim 1817 rodent ETE minimum number of individuals; species: Rodenta/Myomorpha
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Homo sp. Linnaeus 1758 human
"Australopithecus robustus" = Paranthropus robustus Broom 1938 australopithecine | |
Cercopithecidae indet., Cercopithecidae indet., cf. Cercopithecoides sp., Theropithecus oswaldi, Parapapio jonesi, Papio robinsoni, Papio (Dinopithecus) ingens
Cercopithecidae indet. Gray 1821 monkey ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Cercopithecidae
cf. Cercopithecoides sp. Mollett 1947 monkey
Parapapio jonesi Broom 1940 monkey
Papio robinsoni Freedman 1957 baboon
Papio (Dinopithecus) ingens Broom 1937 monkey | |
Equidae indet., Equus capensis, "Hipparion libycum" = Eurygnathohippus libycum, "Hipparion libycum" = Eurygnathohippus libycum
Equus capensis Broom 1909 horse
"Hipparion libycum" = Eurygnathohippus libycum Pomel 1897 hipparionine horse
"Hipparion libycum" = Eurygnathohippus libycum Pomel 1897 hipparionine horse ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: steytlieri
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Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Bovidae indet., Pelea cf. capreolus, Redunca cf. arundinum, Connochaetes sp., cf. Connochaetes sp., Damaliscus sp., Damaliscus sp., Beatragus sp., cf. Megalotragus sp., "Rabaticeras porrocornutus" = Numidocapra porrocornutus, Antidorcas sp., "Antidorcas australis" = Antidorcas marsupialis australis, Raphicerus campestris, cf. Gazella sp., Hippotragini indet., Oreotragus cf. major, Oreotragus oreotragus, Syncerus sp., Tragelaphus cf. strepsiceros, cf. Makapania sp.
Pelea cf. capreolus Forster 1790 grey rhebok
Redunca cf. arundinum Boddaert 1785 southern reedbuck
Connochaetes sp. Lichtenstein 1812 wildebeest
cf. Connochaetes sp. Lichtenstein 1812 wildebeest
Damaliscus sp. Sclater and Thomas 1894 antelope
Damaliscus sp. Sclater and Thomas 1894 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: 121-Swartkrans
cf. Megalotragus sp. van Hoepen 1932 antelope
"Rabaticeras porrocornutus" = Numidocapra porrocornutus Vrba 1971 antelope
Antidorcas sp. Sundevall 1847 springbok
"Antidorcas australis" = Antidorcas marsupialis australis Hendey and Hendey 1968 springbok ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: or marsupialis
Raphicerus campestris Thunberg 1811 steenbok
cf. Gazella sp. Blaineville 1816 gazelle
Hippotragini indet. Sundevall 1845 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Hippotragini
Oreotragus cf. major klipspringer
Oreotragus oreotragus Zimmermann 1783 klipspringer
Syncerus sp. Hodgson 1847 African buffalo
Tragelaphus cf. strepsiceros Pallas 1766 greater kudu
cf. Makapania sp. Wells and Cooke 1957 antelope | |
Suidae indet., Phacochoerus sp., Metridiochoerus andrewsi, "cf. Tapinochoerus meadowsi" = Metridiochoerus
Phacochoerus sp. Cuvier 1826 warthog
Metridiochoerus andrewsi Hopwood 1926 pig
"cf. Tapinochoerus meadowsi" = Metridiochoerus pig | |
Hippopotamus sp. Linnaeus 1758 hippo | |
Canidae indet., "Canis cf. mesomelas" = Lupulella mesomelas, "Canis mesomelas" = Lupulella mesomelas, Vulpes pulcher
Canidae indet. Fischer de Waldheim 1817 canid ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: canidae
"Canis cf. mesomelas" = Lupulella mesomelas Schreber 1775 black-backed jackal
"Canis mesomelas" = Lupulella mesomelas Schreber 1775 black-backed jackal ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: pappos
Vulpes pulcher fox | |
"Aonyx capensis" = Lutra capensis
"Aonyx capensis" = Lutra capensis Schinz 1821 African clawless otter | |
Herpestes ichneumon Linnaeus 1758 Egyptian mongoose | |
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Hyaenidae indet., Parahyaena brunnea2, Parahyaena brunnea2, Proteles sp., Proteles transvaalensis, Crocuta crocuta, Crocuta crocuta, Hyaenictis forfex, Chasmaporthetes nitidula, Chasmaporthetes nitidula1, Chasmaporthetes nitidula1, Chasmaporthetes nitidula1
Parahyaena brunnea2 Thunberg 1820 brown hyaena ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: dispar
Proteles sp. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1824 hyaena
Proteles transvaalensis Hendey 1974 hyaena
Crocuta crocuta Erxleben 1777 spotted hyaena ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: venustula
Hyaenictis forfex hyaena
Chasmaporthetes nitidula Ewer 1955 hyaena
Chasmaporthetes nitidula1 Ewer 1955 hyaena ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: A-Swartkrans(prim)
Chasmaporthetes nitidula1 Ewer 1955 hyaena ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: B-Swartkrans(Adv)
Chasmaporthetes nitidula1 Ewer 1955 hyaena ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: uncertain_Swartkrans
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"Felis serval" = Caracal serval, "Felis caracal" = Caracal caracal, Panthera leo, Panthera pardus, Megantereon sp., Dinofelis sp.
"Felis serval" = Caracal serval Schreber 1776 serval
"Felis caracal" = Caracal caracal Schreber 1776 caracal
Panthera leo Linnaeus 1758 lion
Panthera pardus Linnaeus 1758 leopard
Megantereon sp. Croizet and Jobert 1828 cat
Dinofelis sp. Zdansky 1924 cat | |
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Amphibia | |
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Gastropoda | |
cf. Achatina sp. Lamarck 1799 slug ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: mak - replaced genus name sp. with family name, species name "Achatidae" pulled in favor of sp.
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Adenota | |
"Antidorcas cf. recki" = Adenota recki
"Antidorcas cf. recki" = Adenota recki Schwartz 1932 |