Eohalysiocrinus stigmatus-Sievertsia Assoc., Vail Stone Quarry (Silurian of the United States)

Where: Indiana (39.5° N, 85.5° W: paleocoordinates 27.6° S, 51.5° W)

• coordinate based on political unit

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Laurel Formation, Wenlock (433.4 - 427.4 Ma)

• "Formational assignment of the strat with this community is somewhat problematic. At most outcrops, the Laurel-Waldron contact is abrupt and has low relief, even though in many places it is a hardground. At Sandusky and elsewhere it is more gradiational. The unit was termed the 'transitional beds' by Frest (1977) and assigned, somewhat arbitrarily, to the Laurel because of the mixed fauna and predominantly carbonate lithology."

• formation-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: deep subtidal; shelly/skeletal grainstone and shelly/skeletal packstone

• "...most intact cups are those of resistant taxa...holdfasts and root systems common...This environment was evidently fairly frequently subject to wave winnowing, and hence likely occurred above mean storm wave base. Excellent and unbroken preservation of many echinoderm calices and brachiopods preculdes the presence of regular currents. The moderate diversity of both echinoderms and brachiopods is suggestive of BA 3. A. Boucot...states that the brachiopod assemblage most strongly suggests outer BA 3; this is consistent with the sizable blastozoan representation as well."

•SEP environmental call based on given information and knowledge of regional geology

• "Abundantly fossiliferous. The most common lithology is whole fossils or large-clast grainstone, but packstone textures are almost equally common. Individual beds generally do not exceed 3 cm...Many are strongly graded, with fines generally on the upper surfaces. Some debris layers have fines winnowed out although they are otherwise poorly sorted. Large-debris lenses are common, but these rarely persist laterally for more than 2 m...."

Collection methods: Taxa listed with abundances in table 45.35. Three taxa, mentioned in text but not listed in table, have been added.

Primary reference: T. J. Frest, C. E. Brett, and B. J. Witzke. 1999. Caradocian-Gedinnian echinoderm associations of Central and Eastern North America. Paleocommunities--a case study from the Silurian and Lower Devonian 638-783 [M. Foote/K. Koverman/P. Wagner]more details

Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis

PaleoDB collection 26778: authorized by Michael Foote, entered by Michael Foote on 31.10.2002

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

unclassified
  -
Paragastropoda
 Mimospirida - Clisospiridae
Bivalvia
 Nuculanida - Nuculanidae
Nuculanidae indet. Adams and Adams 1858 pointed nut clam
 Modiomorphida - Modiomorphidae
Modiolopsis sp. Hall 1847 clam
Tergomya
 Cyrtonellida - Cyrtolitidae
Gastropoda
  -
Gastropoda "indet. 1" Cuvier 1795 snail
Gastropoda "indet. 2" Cuvier 1795 snail
Gastropoda "indet. 3" Cuvier 1795 snail
 Euomphalina - Platyceratidae
"Naticonema niagarensis" = Platyostoma niagarensis Hall 1852 snail
 Bellerophontida -
"Bellerophontacea indet." = Bellerophontoidea
"Bellerophontacea indet." = Bellerophontoidea M'Coy 1851 snail
 Bellerophontida - Bellerophontidae
Liljevallospira sp., ""Bellerophon" tuber" = Sphaerocyclus tuber
Liljevallospira sp. Knight 1945 snail
""Bellerophon" tuber" = Sphaerocyclus tuber Hall 1879 snail
 Neritoidea - Naticopsidae
"Naticonema plebium" = Naticopsis plebeia
"Naticonema plebium" = Naticopsis plebeia Perner 1903 snail
 Murchisoniina - Loxonematidae
Loxonema sp. Phillips 1841 snail
 Murchisoniina - Eotomariidae
Eotomariidae indet. Wenz 1938 snail
Strophomenata
 Strophomenida - Rafinesquinidae
Leptaena rhomboidalis Wahlenberg 1818
 Strophomenida - Leptestiidae
Leangella sp. Opik 1933
 Orthotetida - Triplesiidae
 Orthotetida - Chilidiopsidae
"Coolinia subplana" = Fardenia (Coolinia)
"Coolinia subplana" = Fardenia (Coolinia)
Rhynchonellata
 Pentamerida - Parastrophinidae
 Spiriferida - Delthyrididae
Howellella "crispa" Hisinger 1827
 Spiriferida - Cyrtiidae
 Rhynchonellida - Rhynchotrematidae
 Rhynchonellida - Trigonirhynchiidae
 Rhynchonellida - Hebetoechiidae
 Atrypida - Atrypidae
Atrypa "reticularis" Linnaeus 1758
 Atrypida - Atrypinidae
 Athyridida - Meristellidae
 Athyridida - Meristidae
Merista sp. Suess 1851
 Athyridida - Nucleospiridae
 Orthida - Hesperorthidae
? Dolerorthis sp. Schuchert and Cooper 1931
 Orthida - Dalmanellidae
Isorthis sp. Kozlowski 1929
 Orthida - Rhipidomellidae
Dalejina "hybrida" Sowerby 1839
Chileata
 Dictyonellida - Eichwaldiidae
Bryozoa
  -
Bryozoa indet. Ehrenberg 1831
Stenolaemata
 Trepostomida - Monticuliporidae
Prasopora sp. Nicholson and Etheridge 1877
Lophophorata
 Tentaculitida - Cornulitidae
Polychaeta
  -
Sedentaria
 Sabellida - Serpulidae
Spirorbis spp. Daudin 1800
Trilobita
 Corynexochida - Styginidae
Styginidae indet. Vogdes 1890 trilobite
"bumastid"
 Phacopida - Calymenidae
Calymene niagarensis Hall 1843 trilobite
 Lichida - Lichidae
Arctinurus sp. Castelnau 1843 trilobite
Deuteropoda
  -
Ostracoda indet. Latreille 1802 ostracod
Ophiuroidea
  -
Ophiuroidea indet. Gray 1840 brittle star
Asteroidea
  -
Asteroidea indet. de Blainville 1830 sea star
"starfish plates"
Cyclocystoidea
  - Cyclocystoididae
Polytryphocycloides sp. Smith and Paul 1982
Sievertsia sp. Smith and Paul 1982
Blastoidea
 Fissiculata - Phaenoschismatidae
"Decaschisma pulchellum" = Decaschisma pulchellus
"Decaschisma pulchellum" = Decaschisma pulchellus Miller and Dyer 1878 blastoid
 Rhombifera - Callocystitidae
Crinoidea
 Inadunata -
Disparida indet. Sea lily
"disparid gen. nov. Sevastopulo and Lane"
 Calceocrinida - Calceocrinidae
Calceocrinidae indet. Meek and Worthen 1869 Sea lily
"new calceocrinid"
 Belemnocrinoidea - Synbathocrinidae
"Phimocrinus" sp. Schultze 1867 Sea lily
 Homocrinida - Homocrinidae
Homocrinus sp. Hall 1852 Sea lily
 Cladida - Botryocrinidae
 Cyathocrinida - Codiacrinidae
Amphipsalidocrinus sp. Weller 1930 Sea lily
 Cyathocrinida - Cyathocrinitidae
 Cyathocrinida - Thalamocrinidae
Thalamocrinus sp. Miller and Gurley 1895 Sea lily
 Flexibilia -
 Sagenocrinida - Lecanocrinidae
 Inadunata -
 Diplobathrida - Dimerocrinitidae
 Diplobathrida - Rhodocrinitidae
 Monobathrida - Eucalyptocrinitidae
 Monobathrida - Patelliocrinidae
 Monobathrida -
Anthozoa
  -
Anthozoa indet. Ehrenberg 1834
"solitary corals"
 Favositida - Favositidae
Favosites spinigerus tabulate coral
Favosites forbesi tabulate coral
Favosites "sp. 2" Lamarck 1816 tabulate coral
 Auloporida - Auloporidae
Auloporella sp. Grubbs 1939 tabulate coral
Demospongiae
 Lithistida - Astylospongiidae
Astylospongia praemorsa Goldfuss 1826 demosponge