Where: Indiana (39.5° N, 85.5° W: paleocoordinates 27.6° S, 51.5° W)
• coordinate based on political unit
• outcrop-level geographic resolution
When: Laurel Formation, Wenlock (433.4 - 427.4 Ma)
• "Formational assignment of the strat with this community is somewhat problematic. At most outcrops, the Laurel-Waldron contact is abrupt and has low relief, even though in many places it is a hardground. At Sandusky and elsewhere it is more gradiational. The unit was termed the 'transitional beds' by Frest (1977) and assigned, somewhat arbitrarily, to the Laurel because of the mixed fauna and predominantly carbonate lithology."
• formation-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: deep subtidal; shelly/skeletal grainstone and shelly/skeletal packstone
•SEP environmental call based on given information and knowledge of regional geology
Collection methods: Taxa listed with abundances in table 45.35. Three taxa, mentioned in text but not listed in table, have been added.
Primary reference: T. J. Frest, C. E. Brett, and B. J. Witzke. 1999. Caradocian-Gedinnian echinoderm associations of Central and Eastern North America. Paleocommunities--a case study from the Silurian and Lower Devonian 638-783 [M. Foote/K. Koverman/P. Wagner]more details
Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis
PaleoDB collection 26778: authorized by Michael Foote, entered by Michael Foote on 31.10.2002
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Paragastropoda | |
Clisospiridae indet. Miller 1889 | |
Bivalvia | |
Nuculanidae indet. Adams and Adams 1858 pointed nut clam | |
Modiolopsis sp. Hall 1847 clam | |
Tergomya | |
Cyrtolites sinuosus Hall 1879 | |
Gastropoda | |
Gastropoda "indet. 1" Cuvier 1795 snail
Gastropoda "indet. 2" Cuvier 1795 snail
Gastropoda "indet. 3" Cuvier 1795 snail | |
Strophostylus cyclostomus, "Naticonema niagarensis" = Platyostoma niagarensis
Strophostylus cyclostomus Hall 1864 snail
"Naticonema niagarensis" = Platyostoma niagarensis Hall 1852 snail | |
"Bellerophontacea indet." = Bellerophontoidea
"Bellerophontacea indet." = Bellerophontoidea M'Coy 1851 snail | |
Liljevallospira sp., ""Bellerophon" tuber" = Sphaerocyclus tuber
Liljevallospira sp. Knight 1945 snail
""Bellerophon" tuber" = Sphaerocyclus tuber Hall 1879 snail | |
"Naticonema plebium" = Naticopsis plebeia
"Naticonema plebium" = Naticopsis plebeia Perner 1903 snail | |
Loxonema sp. Phillips 1841 snail | |
Eotomariidae indet. Wenz 1938 snail | |
Strophomenata | |
Leptaena rhomboidalis Wahlenberg 1818 | |
Leangella sp. Opik 1933 | |
"Coolinia subplana" = Fardenia (Coolinia)
"Coolinia subplana" = Fardenia (Coolinia) | |
Rhynchonellata | |
Howellella "crispa" Hisinger 1827 | |
| |
Rhynchotreta americana Hall 1879 | |
Atrypa "reticularis" Linnaeus 1758 | |
Atrypina disparilis Hall 1852 | |
Merista sp. Suess 1851 | |
? Dolerorthis sp. Schuchert and Cooper 1931 | |
Isorthis sp. Kozlowski 1929
Resserella "elegantula" Dalman 1828 | |
Dalejina "hybrida" Sowerby 1839 | |
Chileata | |
Dictyonella reticulata Hall 1868 | |
Bryozoa | |
Bryozoa indet. Ehrenberg 1831 | |
Stenolaemata | |
Prasopora sp. Nicholson and Etheridge 1877 | |
Lophophorata | |
Polychaeta | |
Machaeridia indet. scale worm | |
Sedentaria | |
Spirorbis spp. Daudin 1800 | |
Trilobita | |
| |
Calymene niagarensis Hall 1843 trilobite | |
Arctinurus sp. Castelnau 1843 trilobite | |
Deuteropoda | |
Ostracoda indet. Latreille 1802 ostracod | |
Ophiuroidea | |
Ophiuroidea indet. Gray 1840 brittle star | |
Asteroidea | |
| |
Cyclocystoidea | |
Polytryphocycloides sp. Smith and Paul 1982
Sievertsia sp. Smith and Paul 1982 | |
Blastoidea | |
"Decaschisma pulchellum" = Decaschisma pulchellus
"Decaschisma pulchellum" = Decaschisma pulchellus Miller and Dyer 1878 blastoid | |
Crinoidea | |
| |
Eohalysiocrinus stigmatus Sea lily | |
"Phimocrinus" sp. Schultze 1867 Sea lily | |
Homocrinus sp. Hall 1852 Sea lily | |
Botryocrinus polyxo Sea lily | |
Amphipsalidocrinus sp. Weller 1930 Sea lily | |
Cyathocrinites (Rugosocyathocrinites) sanduskyensis Frest 1977 Sea lily | |
Thalamocrinus sp. Miller and Gurley 1895 Sea lily | |
Icthyocrinus corbis Sea lily | |
Lecanocrinus pusillus Sea lily | |
Passalocrinus sp. Sea lily | |
Cyphocrinus sp. Miller 1892 Sea lily
Dimerocrinites occidentalis Sea lily
Dimerocrinites inornatus Sea lily
Dimerocrinites carleyi Sea lily | |
Lyriocrinus melissa Sea lily | |
Eucalyptocrinites crassus Sea lily
Eucalyptocrinites caelatus Sea lily | |
Macrostylocrinus fasciatus Sea lily
Macrostylocrinus striatus Sea lily | |
Lobomelocrinus obconicus Sea lily | |
Anthozoa | |
| |
Favosites spinigerus tabulate coral
Favosites forbesi tabulate coral
Favosites "sp. 2" Lamarck 1816 tabulate coral | |
Auloporella sp. Grubbs 1939 tabulate coral | |
Demospongiae | |
Astylospongia praemorsa Goldfuss 1826 demosponge |