PBDB Collection

Węże (Pliocene of Poland)

Also known as Weze I

Where: Poland (52.3° N, 22.2° E: paleocoordinates 52.5° N, 21.8° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: MN 15 (4.2 - 3.2 Ma)

• Assigned to mammalian zone MN 15 (Ref 9172, 1989).

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: cave; shelly/skeletal breccia

• "bone breccia"

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collection methods: Mlynarski, 1962, has Weze I and Weze II on the taxonomic list, but only describes Weze I in terms of locality, so it's unclear what the relationship betwen I and II is.

Primary reference: K. Kowalski. 1962. Fauna of Bats from the Pliocene of Weze in Poland. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 7(3):1-51 [J. Alroy/E. Leckey/E. Leckey]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 33396: authorized by John Alroy, entered by Erin Leckey on 28.07.2003, edited by Hannah O'Regan, Jason Head, Juliette Richter, Lars van den Hoek Ostende, Terri Cleary and John Alroy

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• some from owl pelets, some from animals that fell into the cave

Show authors, comments, and common names

Mammalia
Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae	Myotis podlesicensis, Myotis cf. aemulus, Myotis danutae, Myotis helleri n. sp., Myotis cf. exilis, Plecotus crassidens Myotis podlesicensis vesper bat fragments of mandibles with some teeth (all except i1) Myotis cf. aemulus vesper bat fragments of mandibles with some teeth (all except i1), without processes Myotis danutae Kowalski 1956 vesper bat fragments of mandibles with some teeth Myotis helleri n. sp. vesper bat fragments of mandibles with some teeth (c, p4-m2) ramus is lacking Myotis cf. exilis Heller 1936 vesper bat fragments of mandibles with some teeth (all) Plecotus crassidens Kormos 1930 vesper bat fragments of mandibles with some teeth
Chiroptera - Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus delphinensis, Rhinolophus grivensis Rhinolophus delphinensis Gaillard 1899 horseshoe bat mandibles with teeth (whole and fragments) fragments of maxillae, isolated teeth Rhinolophus grivensis Depéret 1892 horseshoe bat fragments of mandibles with some teeth
Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae	"Dicerorhinus megarhinus" = Dihoplus megarhinus⁵ "Dicerorhinus megarhinus" = Dihoplus megarhinus⁵ de Christol 1835 rhinoceros
Artiodactyla - Cervidae	Procapreolus wenzensis⁵, Cervus warthae⁵ Procapreolus wenzensis⁵ deer Cervus warthae⁵ deer
Carnivora - Mustelidae	Baranogale helbingi⁵, Mustela pliocaenica⁵, Mustela plioerminea⁵, Martes wenzensis⁵, Arctomeles pliocaenicus⁵ Baranogale helbingi⁵ Kormos 1934 mustelid carnivore Mustela pliocaenica⁵ weasel Mustela plioerminea⁵ weasel Martes wenzensis⁵ marten Arctomeles pliocaenicus⁵ Stach 1951 badger
Carnivora - Ursidae	Ursus wenzensis⁵, Agriotherium intermedium⁵ Ursus wenzensis⁵ bear Agriotherium intermedium⁵ bear
Carnivora - Felidae	Felis wenzensis⁵ Felis wenzensis⁵ cat
Carnivora - Canidae	Nyctereutes cf. donnezani⁵ Nyctereutes cf. donnezani⁵ Depérer 1890 raccoon dog
Soricomorpha - Talpidae	Talpa minor¹⁵, Desmana kowalskae n. sp.⁷, Galemys sulimskii n. sp.⁷ Talpa minor¹⁵ Freudenberg 1914 mole Desmana kowalskae n. sp.⁷ Rümke 1985 Russian desman numerous mandibular fragments and a nearly complete skull, 3 mandibular fragments w/o processes but jointly containing teeth from p1-m2, and a damaged maxilla with P2-M3 Galemys sulimskii n. sp.⁷ Rümke 1985 Pyrenean desman 11 mandibular fragments with damaged processes and jointly containing i3-m1, 6 maxillary fragments with I1-M1, 2 toothless fragments and one well-preserved rostral portion of a skull with all teeth but i2 and i3
Soricomorpha - Soricidae	Soricidae indet.¹⁴, Beremendia fissidens⁹, "Blarinella europaea" = Alloblarinella europaea¹¹, "Suncus zelceus n. sp." = Petenyiella zelcea¹⁵, Petenyia hungarica¹¹, Deinsdorfia cf. kordosi¹², Sorex hibbardi n. sp.¹⁶, Sorex subminutus n. sp.¹⁶, Sorex pseudoalpinus n. sp.¹⁴, Sorex minutus¹⁴, Sorex bor¹⁴, Episoriculus gibberodon¹⁰, Paenelimnoecus pannonicus¹³, Mafia cf. csarnotensis¹³, "Sorex kretzoii" = Sulimskia kretzoii¹⁶, Blarinoides mariae n. gen. n. sp.¹⁵ Soricidae indet.¹⁴ Fischer 1814 shrew mandibular fragments (form #5) Beremendia fissidens⁹ Petényi 1864 shrew 388 specimens, fragmentary mandibles and maxillae with teeth "Blarinella europaea" = Alloblarinella europaea¹¹ Reumer 1984 shrew 32 fragmentary mandibles and detached lower teeth; 9 fragmentary maxillae and detached upper teeth "Suncus zelceus n. sp." = Petenyiella zelcea¹⁵ Sulimski 1959 shrew Petenyia hungarica¹¹ Kormos 1934 red-toothed shrew 43 fragmentary mandibles and detached lower teeth; 43 fragmentary maxillae and detached upper teeth Deinsdorfia cf. kordosi¹² red-toothed shrew 5 fragmentary maxillae and detached upper teeth; 3 fragmentary mandibles and detached lower teeth Sorex hibbardi n. sp.¹⁶ Sulimski 1962 long-tailed shrew 1 fragmentary maxilla or detached upper tooth; 40 fragmentary mandibles or detached lower teeth Sorex subminutus n. sp.¹⁶ Sulimski 1962 long-tailed shrew Sorex pseudoalpinus n. sp.¹⁴ Rzebik-Kowalska 1991 long-tailed shrew re-ID of S. cf. praealpinus Sulimski, 1962; 9 fragmentary maxillae and detached upper teeth; 18 fragmentary mandibles and detached lower teeth Sorex minutus¹⁴ Linnaeus 1766 Eurasian pygmy shrew 17 fragmentary maxillae and detached upper teeth; 26 fragmentary mandibles and detached lower teeth Sorex bor¹⁴ Reumer 1984 long-tailed shrew 104 fragmentary mandibles and detached lower teeth Episoriculus gibberodon¹⁰ Petenyi 1864 red-toothed shrew right mandibular fragment with i1 and p4-m3, a left fragment with i1 and m1-m3, both without processes Paenelimnoecus pannonicus¹³ red-toothed shrew 2 fragmentary maxillae and detached upper teeth; 26 fragmentary mandibles and detached lower teeth Mafia cf. csarnotensis¹³ red-toothed shrew 15 fragmentary mandibles and detached lower teeth "Sorex kretzoii" = Sulimskia kretzoii¹⁶ Sulimski 1962 red-toothed shrew 32 fragmentary maxillae and detached upper teeth; 110 fragmentary mandibles and detached lower teeth Blarinoides mariae n. gen. n. sp.¹⁵ Sulimski 1959 red-toothed shrew 265 specimens, fragmentary mandibles and maxillae with teeth (see ref. 8998)
Tribosphenida - Erinaceidae	Erinaceus sp.⁸, Erinaceus samsonowiczi n. sp.⁸ Erinaceus sp.⁸ Linnaeus 1758 hedgehog Erinaceus samsonowiczi n. sp.⁸ Sulimski 1959 hedgehog toothless mandibular fragments, isolated teeth (entire set?)
Rodentia - Sciuridae	Blackia polonica², Sciurus warthae², Pliopetes hungaricus², Tamias orlovi² Blackia polonica² squirrel 2M1or2, m1or2, p4 Sciurus warthae² squirrel 2m1or2, m3 Pliopetes hungaricus² squirrel a number of jaw fragments and isolated teeth, with M1or2, M3, m3 Tamias orlovi² chipmunk cheek teeth and one jaw fragment
Rodentia - Hystricidae	Hystrix primigenia⁵ Hystrix primigenia⁵ Wagner 1848 porcupine
Rodentia - Gliridae	Gliridae indet.⁴, Glis minor⁴, Muscardinus pliocaenicus n. sp.⁴ Gliridae indet.⁴ Muirhead 1819 dormouse isolated teeth M1, M2 Glis minor⁴ Kowalski 1963 dormouse mandibular fragments with m1, m3, isolated teeth: 1p4, 20m1, 12m2, 5m3, 1P4, 16M1, 18M2, 1M3 Muscardinus pliocaenicus n. sp.⁴ Kowalski 1963 dormouse mandibular fragments with teeth(m1-3, p4), maxillary fragment with M1?, isolated teeth 3m2, 1M2
Rodentia - Castoridae	Steneofiber wezensis⁵ Steneofiber wezensis⁵ beaver
Rodentia - Cricetidae	? Copemys sp.³ ? Copemys sp.³ Wood 1936 rodent said to be new sp., re-ID of Cricetus sp. from Kowalski, 1964
Reptilia
Squamata -	Squamata indet.¹⁸, Squamata indet.¹⁸ Squamata indet.¹⁸ squamates two small teeth in fragment of mandible Squamata indet.¹⁸ squamates fragment of mandible of very small lizard
Squamata - Anguidae	Anguis cf. fragilis⁶, "Ophisaurus pannonicus" = Pseudopus pannonicus⁶ Anguis cf. fragilis⁶ Linneaus 1758 Slow worm "Ophisaurus pannonicus" = Pseudopus pannonicus⁶ Kormos 1911 legless lizard
Squamata -	Serpentes indet.¹⁸ Serpentes indet.¹⁸ Linnaeus 1758 snake one fragment of mandible
Squamata - Viperidae	Viperidae indet.⁶ Viperidae indet.⁶ Oppel 1811 viper
Squamata - Crotalidae	"Vipera ammodytes" = Vipera (Vipera) ammodytes¹⁷ "Vipera ammodytes" = Vipera (Vipera) ammodytes¹⁷ Linnaeus 1758 sand viper
Squamata - Natricidae	Natrix cf. longivertebrata¹⁷ Natrix cf. longivertebrata¹⁷ Szyndlar 1984 water snake
Squamata - Colubridae	Natricinae indet.⁶, Elaphe sp.⁶, cf. Coluber viridiflavus¹⁷ Natricinae indet.⁶ Bonaparte 1838 colubrid snake Elaphe sp.⁶ Wagler 1833 colubrid snake cf. Coluber viridiflavus¹⁷ Lacépède 1789 racer two maxilIary fragments (ZZSiD WI-3, 10), one palatine fragment (ZZSiD WI-4), one pterygoid fragment (ZZSiD WI-2), 5 dentary fragments (ZZSID WI-5-9), one quadrate (ZZSiD WI-1) 542 precaudal ve.rtebrae (ZZSiD WI-11-553), 27 cloacal and caudal vertebrae (ZZSID WI-554-580)
Squamata - Lacertidae	Lacerta cf. sicula⁶, Lacerta sp.⁶ Lacerta cf. sicula⁶ squamates Lacerta sp.⁶ Linnaeus 1758 squamates
Testudines - Emydidae	Emydinae indet.¹, Emys wermuthi⁶, Emys orbicularis⁶ Emydinae indet.¹ Rafinesque 1815 turtle Emys wermuthi⁶ Mlynarski 1956 pond turtle Emys orbicularis⁶ Linnaeus 1758 European pond turtle
Testudines - Geoemydidae	Geoemyda eureia⁶ Geoemyda eureia⁶ Wegner 1913 turtle
Testudines - Testudinidae	Testudo sp.⁶, "Testudo szalaii" = Testudo globosa⁶, Testudo antiqua⁶ Testudo sp.⁶ Linnaeus 1758 turtle large form "Testudo szalaii" = Testudo globosa⁶ Portis 1890 turtle Testudo antiqua⁶ Bronn 1831 turtle T. antiqua noviciensis
Amphibia
Caudata - Urodela	Salamandridae indet.⁶ Salamandridae indet.⁶ Gray 1825 newt
Salientia - Palaeobatrachidae	Pliobatrachus langhae⁶ Pliobatrachus langhae⁶ Fejérváry 1917 frog
Salientia - Discoglossidae	Discoglossus sp.⁶ Discoglossus sp.⁶ Otth 1837 painted frog
Salientia - Pelobatidae	Pelobates cf. fuscus⁶, Eopelobates sp.⁶ Pelobates cf. fuscus⁶ Laurenti 1768 Common Eurasian spadefoot toad Eopelobates sp.⁶ Parker 1929 spadefoot toad
Salientia - Ranidae	Rana sp.⁶ Rana sp.⁶ Linnaeus 1758 frog small form
Salientia - Bufonidae	Bufo tarloi⁶, Bufo sp.⁶ Bufo tarloi⁶ toad Bufo sp.⁶ Laurenti 1768 toad

¹Alroy 2007; ²Black and Kowalski 1974; ³Fahlbusch 1969; ⁴Kowalski 1963; ⁵Kowalski 1990; ⁶Mlynarski 1962; ⁷Rümke 1985; ⁸Rzebik-Kowalska 1971; ⁹Rzebik-Kowalska 1976; ¹⁰Rzebik-Kowalska 1981; ¹¹Rzebik-Kowalska 1989; ¹²Rzebik-Kowalska 1990; ¹³Rzebik-Kowalska 1990; ¹⁴Rzebik-Kowalska 1991; ¹⁵Sulimski 1959; ¹⁶Sulimski 1962; ¹⁷Szyndlar 1984; ¹⁸Villa and Delfino 2018