Bore Kevelaer, depth 95m (Miocene of Germany)

Where: North Rhein-Westfalia, Germany (51.6° N, 6.3° E: paleocoordinates 51.7° N, 4.3° E)

• coordinate estimated from map

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Early/Lower Miocene (23.0 - 16.0 Ma)

• Hemmoor stage

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: marine; unlithified, fine-grained, brown sandstone

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils, microfossils

Preservation: original aragonite

Collection methods: core, mechanical, peroxide, sieve,

• well drilling, 1994

Primary reference: G. Wienrich. 1997. Die Fauna des marinen Miozäns von Kevelaer (Niederrhein). Band 1 Foraminiferen, Anthozoen. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden 1:1-187 [M. Aberhan/S. Nurnberg/S. Nurnberg]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 62882: authorized by Martin Aberhan, entered by Sabine Nürnberg on 01.08.2006

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
Anthozoa
 Scleractinia - Flabellidae
Flabellum sp., Flabellum tuberculatum
Flabellum sp. Lesson 1831 stony coral
Flabellum tuberculatum Keferstein 1859 stony coral
 Scleractinia - Caryophylliidae
Ceratocyathus granulatus
Ceratocyathus granulatus Goldfuss 1826 stony coral
 Scleractinia - Turbinoliidae
"Cylindrophyllia duncani" = Peponocyathus duncani, Sphenotrochus intermedius
"Cylindrophyllia duncani" = Peponocyathus duncani Reuss 1871 stony coral
 Scleractinia - Micrabaciidae
Stephanophyllia imperialis
Stephanophyllia imperialis Michelin 1841 stony coral
Polychaeta
 Sabellida - Serpulidae
Serpulidae indet.1, Ditrupa cornea1, Filograna sp.1
Serpulidae indet.1 Rafinesque 1835
Serpulidae indet. C
Filograna sp.1 Oken 1815
Gymnolaemata
 Cheilostomata - Membraniporidae
Reussirella haidingeri1, Discoporella umbellata1
Discoporella umbellata1 Defrance 1823
 Cheilostomata - Lunulitidae
Lunulites voigti1
Bivalvia
 Arcida - Limopsidae
Limopsis (Limopsis) aurita1, "Limopsis (Pectunculina) anomala" = Limopsis1
Limopsis (Limopsis) aurita1 Brocchi 1814 clam
"Limopsis (Pectunculina) anomala" = Limopsis1 clam
 Arcida - Glycymerididae
Glycymeris (Glycymeris) obovata1
Glycymeris (Glycymeris) obovata1 Lamarck 1819 clam
G. obovata baldii
 Arcida - Arcidae
Scapharca (Scapharca) diluvii1
 Pectinida - Anomiidae
"Pododesmus (Heteranomia) squamula" = Heteranomia squamula1, Pododesmus (Monia) anitae1
"Pododesmus (Heteranomia) squamula" = Heteranomia squamula1 Linnaeus 1758 scallop
Pododesmus (Monia) anitae1 Janse and Janssen 1983 scallop
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
Pseudamussium lilli1, Korobkovia woodi1, Aequipecten seniensis1, Aequipecten sp.1
Pseudamussium lilli1 Pusch 1837 scallop
Aequipecten sp.1 Fischer 1886 scallop
Aequipecten n. sp. ?
 Ostreida - Ostreidae
Ostreidae indet.1, ? Ostrea cf. edulis1, Cubitostrea digitalina1
Ostreidae indet.1 Rafinesque 1815 oyster
Ostreidae juv. indet.
? Ostrea cf. edulis1 Linnaeus 1758 oyster
Cubitostrea digitalina1 Eichwald 1830 oyster
 Ostreida - Gryphaeidae
Neopycnodonte cochlear1
Neopycnodonte cochlear1 Poli 1795 oyster
 Ostreida - Pinnidae
Atrina pectinata1
Atrina pectinata1 Linnaeus 1758 oyster
 Mytilida - Mytilidae
Modiolula phaseolina1
Modiolula phaseolina1 Philippi 1844 mussel
 Carditida - Astartidae
Astarte (Astarte) radiata1
Astarte (Astarte) radiata1 Nyst and Westendorp 1839 clam
Astarte radiata fa. radiata 672 specimens, Astarte radiata fa. convexior 503 specimens, Astarte radiata fa. goldfussi 11 specimens
 Carditida - Carditidae
Cyclocardia sp.1
Cyclocardia sp.1 Conrad 1867 clam
 Lucinida - Lucinidae
"Lucinoma borealis" = Lucinoma (Lucinoma) borealis1, "Codakia jutensis" = Lucinoma (Lucinoma) borealis1, "Cavilucina (Goniomyrtea) droueti" = Gonimyrtea droueti1
"Lucinoma borealis" = Lucinoma (Lucinoma) borealis1 Linnaeus 1767 clam
"Codakia jutensis" = Lucinoma (Lucinoma) borealis1 Linnaeus 1767 clam
"Cavilucina (Goniomyrtea) droueti" = Gonimyrtea droueti1 Nyst 1861 clam
C. droueti droueti
 Pandorida - Clavagellidae
"Clavagella (Stirpulina) bacillum" = Stirpulina1
"Clavagella (Stirpulina) bacillum" = Stirpulina1 clam
 Pholadida - Teredinidae
Teredinidae indet.1
Teredinidae indet.1 Rafinesque 1815 clam
 Pholadida - Corbulidae
"Lentidium (Lentidium) donaciformis" = Lentidium (Ajanssenium) donaciforme1, Corbula (Varicorbula) gibba1
"Lentidium (Lentidium) donaciformis" = Lentidium (Ajanssenium) donaciforme1 Nyst 1836 clam
Corbula (Varicorbula) gibba1 Oliva 1792 clam
C. (V.) gibba gibba
 Cardiida - Semelidae
Abra (Abra) antwerpiensis1, Abra (? Abra) sorgenfreii1
Abra (Abra) antwerpiensis1 Glibert 1945 abra
 Cardiida - Tellinidae
"Macoma elliptica" = Laciolina magna1, Angulus (Moerella) aff. donacillus1, Angulus (Laceolina) benedeni1
"Macoma elliptica" = Laciolina magna1 Spengler 1798 tellin clam
Angulus (Laceolina) benedeni1 Nyst and Westendorp 1839 tellin clam
A. benedeni fallax
 Cardiida - Cardiidae
"Cardium (Bucardium) sp." = Bucardium1, "Habecardium subturgidum" = Laevicardium (Habecardium)1, Habecardium dingdense1
"Cardium (Bucardium) sp." = Bucardium1 Gray 1853 cockle
"Habecardium subturgidum" = Laevicardium (Habecardium)1 cockle
H. subturgidum subturgidum
Habecardium dingdense1 Lehmann 1885 cockle
 Cardiida - Mactridae
Spisula elliptica1
Spisula elliptica1 Brown 1827 clam
 Cardiida - Glossidae
Glossus (Glossus) lunulatus1
 Cardiida - Kelliellidae
Spaniodontella nitida1
 Cardiida - Veneridae
"Gouldia minima" = Gouldia (Gouldia) minima1, Callista chione1, Venus (Ventricoloidea) multilamella1
"Gouldia minima" = Gouldia (Gouldia) minima1 Montagu 1803 venus clam
Callista chione1 Linnaeus 1758 venus clam
Venus (Ventricoloidea) multilamella1 Lamarck 1818 venus clam
V. (V.) multilamella multilamella
 Cardiida - Erycinidae
Erycinidae indet.1
Erycinidae indet.1 Gray 1847 clam
Erycinidae juv. indet.
 Cardiida - Montacutidae
Mioerycina coarctata1
Mioerycina coarctata1 Wood 1840 clam
 Hiatellida - Hiatellidae
"Hiatella (Hiatella) arctica" = Hiatella arctica1, Panopea (Panopea) meynardi1
"Hiatella (Hiatella) arctica" = Hiatella arctica1 Linnaeus 1767 clam
H. (H.) arctica arctica
 Nuculida - Nuculidae
Nuculoma haesendoncki1, Nuculoma laevigata1, Nucula (Lamellinucula) jeffreysi1
Nuculoma haesendoncki1 nut clam
N. haesendoncki hanseata
Nucula (Lamellinucula) jeffreysi1 Bellardi 1875 nut clam
 Protobranchia - Nuculanidae
"Nuculana (Saccella) westendorpi" = Saccella westendorpi1
"Nuculana (Saccella) westendorpi" = Saccella westendorpi1 Nyst and Westendorp 1839 pointed nut clam
 Protobranchia - Yoldiidae
"Portlandia (Yoldiella) pygmaea" = Yoldiella1, Yoldia (Yoldia) glaberrima1
"Portlandia (Yoldiella) pygmaea" = Yoldiella1 clam
Yoldia (Yoldia) glaberrima1 von Münster 1837 clam
Scaphopoda
 Dentaliida - Dentaliidae
Lentigodentalium pseudomutabile1, "Pseudantalis aturensis" = Dentalium (Pseudantilis)1, Antalis dumasi1, Antalis aff. exlamarcki1
"Pseudantalis aturensis" = Dentalium (Pseudantilis)1 tusk shell
Antalis dumasi1 tusk shell
Antalis dumasi subsp.
 Dentaliida - Laevidentaliidae
Laevidentalium sp.1
Laevidentalium sp.1 Cossmann 1888 tusk shell
Laevidentalium sp. juv.
 Gadilida - Gadilidae
Gadila benoisti1
Gadila benoisti1 tusk shell
G. benoisti houthalenensis
Gastropoda
 Heterostropha - Architectonicidae
"Architectonica (Pseudotorinia) sensu lato obtusa" = Pseudotorinia3, "Architectonica (Pseudotorinia) planulata" = Pseudotorinia3, Architectonica (Architectonica) briarti3, Architectonica (Architectonica) simplex3, Architectonica (Architectonica) ariei3, Architectonica (Architectonica) carocollata3
"Architectonica (Pseudotorinia) sensu lato obtusa" = Pseudotorinia3 snail
"Architectonica (Pseudotorinia) planulata" = Pseudotorinia3 snail
Architectonica (Architectonica) ariei3 Wienrich and Janssen 2007 sundial
 Heterostropha - Ringiculidae
Ringicula (Ringiculina) buccinea3, Ringicula (Ringiculina) ventricosa3
 Heterostropha - Acteonidae
Crenilabium terebelloides3, Acteon (Acteon) semistriatus3
Acteon (Acteon) semistriatus3 snail
spelled as 'Actaeon'
 Heterostropha - Pyramidellidae
Turbonilla (Mormula) cf. miomutiniensis3, Odostomia (Megastomia) cf. conoidea3, Odostomia (Megastomia) tuexeni3, Odostomia (Odostomia) sp.3, "Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) pseudoterebralis" = Pyrgolampros3, Pyramidella (Voluspa) elata3, Pyramidella (Voluspa) plicosa3, "Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) densecostata" = Strioturbonilla3, Syrnola hoernesi3, Syrnola neumayri3
Odostomia (Odostomia) sp.3 Fleming 1817 snail
"Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) pseudoterebralis" = Pyrgolampros3 snail
sensu JANSSEN
"Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) densecostata" = Strioturbonilla3 snail
sensu JANSSEN
 Neotaenioglossa - Calyptraeidae
Crepidula (Janacus) crepidula2, Calyptraea (Calyptraea) chinensis2
Crepidula (Janacus) crepidula2 Linnaeus 1758 slipper shell
Calyptraea (Calyptraea) chinensis2 Linnaeus 1758 slipper shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Turritellidae
Turritella subangulata2, "Turritella eryna" = Haustator eryna2
"Turritella eryna" = Haustator eryna2 d'Orbigny 1852 turret shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Cerithiidae
"Bittium (Bittium) spina" = Bittium spina2, Bittium (Bittium) tenuispina2
"Bittium (Bittium) spina" = Bittium spina2 Partsch 1856 cerith snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Aporrhaidae
Aporrhais (Aporrhais) alata2
 Neogastropoda - Olividae
Oliva (Strephona) dufresnei2
Oliva (Strephona) dufresnei2 Basterot 1825 olive snail
 Neogastropoda - Ancillariidae
"Ancilla (Baryspira) obsoleta" = Amalda obsoleta2
"Ancilla (Baryspira) obsoleta" = Amalda obsoleta2 Brocchi 1814 snail
 Neogastropoda - Mitridae
Mitra (Tiara) substriatula3
Mitra (Tiara) substriatula3 d'Orbigny 1852 mitre shell
 Neogastropoda - Nassariidae
Nassarius bocholtensis2, Nassarius schroederi2, Nassarius sulcatus2, "Nassarius andersoni" = Nassarius (Catilon) andersoni2, Nassarius karinae2, Amyclina facki2
"Nassarius andersoni" = Nassarius (Catilon) andersoni2 Weaver 1912 snail
Nassarius karinae2 Wienrich 2001 snail
 Neogastropoda - Fasciolariidae
"Streptolathyrus rothi" = Streptochetus (Streptolathyrus)2, Streptodictyon sexcostatus2, Fredenia ronaldi2, ? Exilifusus attenuatus2
"Streptolathyrus rothi" = Streptochetus (Streptolathyrus)2 snail
Fredenia ronaldi2 Wienrich 2001 snail
 Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
Phos (Phos) decussatus2, Babylonia brugadina2
Babylonia brugadina2 true whelk
 Neogastropoda - Columbellidae
Mitrella (Macrurella) nassoides2, Anachis (Costoanachis) hosiusi2, Anachis (Costoanachis) terebralis2
 Neogastropoda - Muricidae
Pterynotus (Alipurpura) parvifolius2, Hadriania coelata2, "Murex (Haustellum) inornatus" = Haustellum2, Typhis (Typhis) ? pungens2, Lyrotyphis (Eotyphis) fistulosus2
Hadriania coelata2 Dujardin 1837 murex snail
"Murex (Haustellum) inornatus" = Haustellum2 murex snail
Typhis (Typhis) ? pungens2 Solander in Brander and Brander 1766 murex snail
 Neogastropoda - Volutidae
Scaphella (Scaphella) bolli2
 Neogastropoda - Drilliidae
Splendrillia selenkae3
 Neogastropoda - Clathurellidae
Pleurotomoides borealis3, Pleurotomoides luisae3, Pleurotomoides simplex3, ? Ceritoturris hannoverana3
 Neogastropoda - Terebridae
Strioterebrum ariei3, Strioterebrum fabritzi3, Strioterebrum basteroti3
Strioterebrum ariei3 auger snail
Strioterebrum basteroti3 Nyst 1843 auger snail
 Neogastropoda - Borsoniidae
"Genota ramosa" = Genota valeriae3, Asthenotoma pannus3, Asthenotoma festiva3, Bathytoma jugleri3
"Genota ramosa" = Genota valeriae3 Hoernes and Auinger 1891 snail
 Neogastropoda - Mangeliidae
sensu lato Mangelia miorugulosa3, sensu lato Mangelia guerichi3, Sorgenfreispira tenella3, Benthomangelia aff. obtusangula3, Benthomangelia grippi3
sensu lato Mangelia guerichi3 Kautsky 1925 snail
Sorgenfreispira tenella3 Conrad 1848 snail
Benthomangelia grippi3 Anderson 1964 snail
 Neogastropoda - Turridae
Fusiturris aquensis3, Fusiturris duchastelii3, Acamptogenotia escheri3, Nitidiclavus maitrejus3, Boreodrillia hosiusi3, sensu lato Unedogemmula boreoturricula3, sensu lato Unedogemmula hanseata3, sensu lato Unedogemmula stoffelsii3, sensu lato Inquisitor borealis3, Gemmula (Gemmula) schafferi3, Gemmula (Gemmula) sp.3, Gemmula (Gemmula) denticula3, Gemmula (Gemmula) zimmermanni3, Aphanitoma alternans3, Aphanitoma fransi3
Fusiturris duchastelii3 turrid
F. duchastelii flexiplicata
Gemmula (Gemmula) sp.3 Weinkauff 1875 turrid
Gemmula (Gemmula) denticula3 turrid
G. denticula borealis
Aphanitoma fransi3 Janssen 1972 turrid
 Neogastropoda - Conidae
"Conus (Conolithus) sensu lato antediluvianus" = Conus (Conolithes)3
"Conus (Conolithus) sensu lato antediluvianus" = Conus (Conolithes)3 cone shell
 Neogastropoda - Raphitomidae
Raphitoma "sp. 1"3, Raphitoma "sp. 3"3, Metuonella grippi3
Raphitoma "sp. 1"3 Monterosato 1884 snail
Raphitoma "sp. 3"3 Monterosato 1884 snail
 Neogastropoda - Cochlespiridae
Cochlespira corneti3
 Neogastropoda - Costellariidae
Vexillum (Uromitra) jasperi n. sp.3, Orthosurcula steinvorthi3, "Vexillum (Uromitra) aciculum" = Uromitra3, "Vexillum (Uromitra) gliberti" = Uromitra3
Vexillum (Uromitra) jasperi n. sp.3 Wienrich and Janssen 2007 ribbed mitre
"Vexillum (Uromitra) aciculum" = Uromitra3 ribbed mitre
"Vexillum (Uromitra) gliberti" = Uromitra3 ribbed mitre
 Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae
Cancellaria (Bivetiella) cancellata2, "Trigonostoma (Ventrilia) pouwi" = Ventrilia2, Cancellaria (Merica) contorta2, Babylonella fusiformis2, Trigonostoma (Trigonostoma) banardi2, Sveltia varicosa2
Cancellaria (Bivetiella) cancellata2 Linnaeus 1767 snail
C. cancellata praecedens
"Trigonostoma (Ventrilia) pouwi" = Ventrilia2 snail
Cancellaria (Merica) contorta2 snail
C. contorta gelriana
Sveltia varicosa2 snail
S. varicosa paucicostata
 Sorbeoconcha - Cassidae
"Semicassis (Echinophoria) bicoronata" = Echinophoria2
"Semicassis (Echinophoria) bicoronata" = Echinophoria2 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Xenophoridae
Xenophora deshayesi2
Xenophora deshayesi2 Michelotti 1847 carrier shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Ficidae
Ficus (Ficus) conditus2
Ficus (Ficus) conditus2 Brongniart 1823 fig shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Vitrinellidae
Circulus dubius2
 Sorbeoconcha - Rissoidae
Ovirissoa gottscheana2
 Sorbeoconcha - Eulimidae
Balcis (Balcis) alba2, Eulima (Eulima) glabra2, Niso (Niso) terebellum2
Balcis (Balcis) alba2 snail
incl. 4specimens B. alba for. eichwaldi and 1 specimen B. alba for. lactea
 Sorbeoconcha - Naticidae
Naticidae indet.2, "Natica neglecta" = Cochlis neglecta2, "Natica sensu lato tigrina" = Cochlis tigrina2, Tectonatica miopusilla2, Neverita josephinia2, Euspira gottschei2, Euspira nysti2, Euspira staringi2, Euspira helicina2, Polinices (Polinices) miocolligens2
Naticidae indet.2 Guilding 1834 moon snail
Naticidae juv. et indet.
"Natica neglecta" = Cochlis neglecta2 Mayer 1858 moon snail
"Natica sensu lato tigrina" = Cochlis tigrina2 Röding 1798 moon snail
Neverita josephinia2 Risso 1826 moon snail
N. josephinia olla
Euspira gottschei2 moon snail
Euspira nysti2 moon snail
Euspira staringi2 moon snail
Euspira helicina2 Brocchi 1814 moon snail
E. aggr. helicina
 Sorbeoconcha - Cerithiopsidae
Cerithiopsis (Cerithiopsis) vandermarki2
 Sorbeoconcha - Epitoniidae
Papuliscala koeneni2, Acirsa (Hemiacirsa) lanceolata2, Cirsotrema (Discoscala) scaberrimum2, Turriscala (Turriscala) torulosa2, "Amaea (Scalina) subreticula" = Scalina2, Epitonium (Spiniscala) frondiculum2
Turriscala (Turriscala) torulosa2 wentletrap
T. torulosa borealis
"Amaea (Scalina) subreticula" = Scalina2 wentletrap
Epitonium (Spiniscala) frondiculum2 Wood 1842 wentletrap
 Thecosomata - Limacinidae
Limacina miorostralis3, Limacina valvatina3
Limacina valvatina3 Reuss 1867 snail
 Thecosomata - Cavoliniidae
Vaginella austriaca3
 Opisthobranchia -
Roxania utriculus3
 Opisthobranchia - Retusidae
Volvulella (Volvulella) acuminata3, Retusa (Cylichnina) elongata3, Retusa (Cylichnina) subangistoma3
 Opisthobranchia - Cylichnidae
Philine (Philine) undulata3, Cylichna (Cylichna) pseudoconvoluta3
 Lepetellida - Lepetellidae
Lepetella compressiuscula2
 Trochoidea - Trochidae
Calliostoma (Ampullotrochus) ? laureatum2
Foraminifera
 Globigerinoidea - Globigerinitidae
Tenuitella minutissima
 Globigerinoidea - Globorotaliidae
Globoconella bycovae, Globoconella praescitula
 Globigerinoidea - Globigerinidae
Globigerina praebulloides, Globigerinoides primordius, Globigerinoides trilobus, Globoturborotalita ouachitaensis, Globoturborotalita woodi
 Textulariacea - Textulariidae
Bigenerina nodosaria, Textularia laevigata, Textularia gramen
Textularia gramen dOrbigny 1846
 Textulariacea - Valvulinidae
Martinottiella communis
Martinottiella communis Huang et al. 2019
  - Spiroplectamminidae
Spiroplectammina pectinata, Spiroplectammina carinata
Spiroplectammina carinata d'Orbigny 1846
  - Buliminidae
Virgulina (Virgulinella) pertusa
Tubothalamea
 Miliolida - Cornuspiridae
Cornuspira involvens
 Miliolida - Spiroloculinidae
Spiroloculina striatula
 Miliolida - Miliolidae
Pyrgo simplex, Pyrgo bulloides
 Miliolida - Hauerinidae
Quinqueloculina concinna, Quinqueloculina haidingeri, Quinqueloculina triangularis, Cycloforina badenensis
Foraminifera
 Discorbacea - Bagginidae
Cancris auriculus
Cancris auriculus Fichtel and Moll 1798
 Rotaliacea - Rotaliidae
Oridorsalis umbonatus
 Rotaliacea - Elphidiidae
Elphidium inflatum
 Nonionacea - Nonionidae
Nonion boueanum, Nonion affine, Nonion (Porosononion) soldanii, Nonion perfossum
 Rotaliina - Cassidulinidae
Ceratobulimina haueri
 Asterigerinacea - Asterigerinidae
Asterigerina guerichi
Asterigerina guerichi
A. gürichi staeschi
 Planorbulinacea - Cibicididae
Cibicides lobatulus, Cibicides pseudoungerianus, Cibicides dutemplei
Cibicides dutemplei dOrbigny 1846
 Buliminacea - Uvigerinidae
Uvigerina semiornata
Uvigerina semiornata
U. semiornata for. semiornata
  - Chilostomellidae
Pullenia bulloides
  - Nodosariidae
Lenticulina (Lenticulina) calcar, Lenticulina (Lenticulina) gibba, Lenticulina (Robulus) depauperata
Lenticulina (Robulus) depauperata
L. (L.) depauperata for. costata
 Nodosariacea - Polymorphinidae
Guttulina austriaca, Guttulina cf. guttiformis, Guttulina problema, Globulina gibba, Pseudopolymorphina subnodosa, Sigmomorphina schwageri
Guttulina problema d'Orbigny 1826
Globulina gibba
incl. 1 specimen G. gibba for. punctata
 Nodosariacea - Lagenidae
Dentalina semiplicata, Dentalina inornata, Dentalina "sp. 1", Dentalina konincki, Dentalina pauperata, Lagena globosa, Lagena apiculata, "Glandulina ovula" = Nodosaria (Glandulina), "Dentalina soluta" = Nodosaria soluta
Dentalina "sp. 1" d'Orbigny 1826
Dentalina konincki Reuss 1861
Dentalina pauperata d'Orbigny 1846
"Glandulina ovula" = Nodosaria (Glandulina)
"Dentalina soluta" = Nodosaria soluta Reuss 1851
1Wienrich 1999; 2Wienrich 2001; 3Wienrich and Janssen 2007