PBDB

Baissa (PIN collection 3064) (Cretaceous of Russian Federation)

Where: Buryatia, Russian Federation (53.3° N, 112.1° E: paleocoordinates 56.0° N, 108.5° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Zaza Formation, Aptian (125.0 - 113.0 Ma)

• C. longipoda, E. trisetalis and Lycoptera all occur in the Zaza Formation indicating that this formation could be correlated with the upper Yixian Formation and the lower Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning, which have a duration of 122.5-120 Ma. So it is possible to assign the Zaza Formation to an Aptian age. Also correlated with Barremian-Aptian based on plants and pollen.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: lacustrine - large; lithified marl

• "The water body is reconstructed as an intermontane lake with the depth of 20 - 30 meters (LYAMINA 1980) situated within a granite massif. The presence of thick layers of the bituminous shales shows that the lake was meromictic, with the oxygen deficiency and high hydrogen sulphur level in the hypolimnion. However, the oxygenated epilimnion should be thick, with a lower boundary well beneath the limit of episodic wave action because no suffocation events are documented. The abundance of caddisflies, dobsonfly larvae and other groups intolerant to oxygen deficiency shows that in more shallow areas the water was clear and well-oxygenated even near the bottom. The lake ecosystem was highly productive as indicated by its complex trophic structure (Fig. 2) with several levels of predators up to the large sturgeon-like fish Stychopterus as well as by the extremely high abundance of planetonivorous phantom midges (SINICHENKOVA & ZHERIKHIN 1996)." ZHERIKHIN et al., 1999

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: mold/impression

Reposited in the PIN

Primary reference: A. P. Rasnitsyn. 1975. Hymenoptera Apocrita of Mesozoic. Transactions of the Palaeontological Institute Academy of Sciences of the USSR 147:1-134 [M. Clapham/J. Karr]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 105969: authorized by Matthew Clapham, entered by Matthew Clapham on 28.02.2011, edited by Lindy Edwards and Jered Karr

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

Insecta
Coleoptera - Coptoclavidae	Coptoclava longipoda⁵² Coptoclava longipoda⁵² Ping 1928 beetle PIN 3064/6546
Coleoptera - Trachypachidae	Eodromeus major n. sp.³, Eodromeus dissectus³ Eodromeus major n. sp.³ Ponomarenko 1977 false ground beetle PIN 3064/864 Eodromeus dissectus³ Ponomarenko 1977 false ground beetle PIN 3064/863
Coleoptera - Carabidae	Antemnacrassa magna n. sp.²⁶, Antemnacrassa sulcata²⁶, "Holcorobeus picturatus" = Antemnacrassa picturata³, "Carabites" vitimensis n. sp.³, Cretorabus latus n. sp.³, Cretorabus capitatus n. gen. n. sp.³ Antemnacrassa magna n. sp.²⁶ Nikolajev 2004 ground beetle PIN 3064/947 Antemnacrassa sulcata²⁶ Nikritin 1977 ground beetle PIN 3064/7180 "Holcorobeus picturatus" = Antemnacrassa picturata³ Nikritin 1977 ground beetle PIN 3064/850; 933, 7162 in Nikolajev, 2004 "Carabites" vitimensis n. sp.³ Ponomarenko 1977 ground beetle PIN 3064/871 Cretorabus latus n. sp.³ Ponomarenko 1977 ground beetle PIN 3064/852 Cretorabus capitatus n. gen. n. sp.³ Ponomarenko 1977 ground beetle PIN 3064/862
Coleoptera - Elateridae	Pollostelater baissensis n. gen. n. sp.², Cryptocoelus lukashevichae n. sp.² Pollostelater baissensis n. gen. n. sp.² Alexeev 2011 click beetle PIN 3064/7100 Cryptocoelus lukashevichae n. sp.² Alexeev 2011 click beetle PIN 3064/7102
Coleoptera - Buprestidae	Metabuprestium shartologoiense¹ Metabuprestium shartologoiense¹ Alexeev 1995 jewel beetle PIN 3064/7129
Coleoptera - Scarabaeidae	"Proteroscarabeus baissensis" = Lithoscarabaeus baissensis³, Cretoscarabaeus gibbosus²⁵ "Proteroscarabeus baissensis" = Lithoscarabaeus baissensis³ Nikritin 1977 scarab beetle PIN 3064/1072 Cretoscarabaeus gibbosus²⁵ Nikolajev 1995 scarab beetle PIN 3064/7155
Coleoptera -	Cretonitis copripes n. gen. n. sp.²⁷, Holcorobeus vittatus n. gen. n. sp.³ Cretonitis copripes n. gen. n. sp.²⁷ Nikolajev 2007 scarab beetle PIN 3064/7169 Holcorobeus vittatus n. gen. n. sp.³ Nikritin 1977 scarab beetle PIN 3064/939; 5636 in Nikolajev, 2004
Coleoptera - Trogidae	Avitortor primitivus n. gen. n. sp.³, "Geotrupoides leptoscelis n. sp." = Avitortor leptoscelis³, Trox sibericus n. sp.²⁷ Avitortor primitivus n. gen. n. sp.³ Ponomarenko 1977 hide beetle PIN 3064/856 "Geotrupoides leptoscelis n. sp." = Avitortor leptoscelis³ Nikritin 1977 hide beetle PIN 3064/936 Trox sibericus n. sp.²⁷ Nikolajev 2007 hide beetle PIN 3064/7143
Coleoptera - Hybosoridae	Protanaides sibiricus n. gen. n. sp.²⁸ Protanaides sibiricus n. gen. n. sp.²⁸ Nikolajev 2010 scavenger scarab beetle PIN 3064/7148
Coleoptera - Hydrophilidae	Paraspercheus vitimensis n. sp.³, Baissalarva hydrobioides n. gen. n. sp.⁹ Paraspercheus vitimensis n. sp.³ Ponomarenko 1977 water scavenger beetle PIN 3064/1071 Baissalarva hydrobioides n. gen. n. sp.⁹ Fikáček et al. 2014 water scavenger beetle PIN 3064/6975, 6977
Coleoptera -	"Hydrophilopsia baissensis" = Laetopsia baissensis³⁵ "Hydrophilopsia baissensis" = Laetopsia baissensis³⁵ Ponomarenko 1987 water scavenger beetle PIN 3064/6985, 37 paratypes
Coleoptera - Helophoridae	"Mesohelophorus sibiricus n. gen. n. sp." = Helophorus (Mesohelophorus) palaeosibiricus³ "Mesohelophorus sibiricus n. gen. n. sp." = Helophorus (Mesohelophorus) palaeosibiricus³ Fikáček et al. 2012 water scavenger beetle PIN 3064/841, 931
Coleoptera - Caridae	Cretonanophyes longirostris²³, Baissorhynchus tarsalis²³, Testudobrenthorrhinus taetricus²³ Cretonanophyes longirostris²³ Zherikhin 1977 weevil PIN 3064/7209 Baissorhynchus tarsalis²³ Zherikhin 1977 weevil PIN 3064/7204, 7205, 7206, 7214, 7215, 7217, 7218, 7219, 7232, 7236, 7238 Testudobrenthorrhinus taetricus²³ Gratshev and Legalov 2011 weevil PIN 3064/7211, 7212, 7213, 722, 7220, 7221, 7223, 7224, 7225, 7226, 7227, 7228, 7231, 7235, 7237, 7240, 7502)
Coleoptera - Nemonychidae	Pseudonemonyx stupendus¹⁵ Pseudonemonyx stupendus¹⁵ Gratshev and Legalov 2009 pine flower snout beetle PIN 3064/7234
Coleoptera - Cimberididae	Baissimberis prodigiosus n. gen. n. sp.¹⁵ Baissimberis prodigiosus n. gen. n. sp.¹⁵ Gratshev and Legalov 2014 weevil PIN 3064/855
Coleoptera - Nitidulidae	Crepuraea archaica n. gen. n. sp.¹⁸, Crepuraea zherichini n. sp.¹⁸, "Nyujwa zherichini n. gen. n. sp." = Crepuraea zherichini³² Crepuraea archaica n. gen. n. sp.¹⁸ Kirejtshuk 1990 sap beetle PIN 3064/7189 Crepuraea zherichini n. sp.¹⁸ Kirejtshuk and Ponomarenko 1990 sap beetle PIN 3064/7190 "Nyujwa zherichini n. gen. n. sp." = Crepuraea zherichini³² Perkovskiy 1990 sap beetle PIN 3064/888
Coleoptera - Lasiosynidae	Lasiosyne decora n. sp.⁴⁹, Microsyne lauta n. gen. n. sp.⁵⁰ Lasiosyne decora n. sp.⁴⁹ Yan 2012 beetle PIN 3064/7445, 880 Microsyne lauta n. gen. n. sp.⁵⁰ Yan et al. 2014 beetle PIN 3064/7120
Megaloptera - Corydalidae	Cretochaulus lacustris³⁴ Cretochaulus lacustris³⁴ Ponomarenko 1976 fishfly PIN 3064/807, 1028
Neuroptera - Nymphidae	Cretonymphes baisensis n. gen. n. sp.³⁶ Cretonymphes baisensis n. gen. n. sp.³⁶ Ponomarenko 1992 split-footed lacewing PIN 3064/2439, 2442
Neuroptera - Myrmeleontoidae	Baisopardus banksianus³⁶ Baisopardus banksianus³⁶ Ponomarenko 1992 lacewing PIN 3064/2436
Neuroptera - Babinskaiidae	Baisonelia vitimica n. gen. n. sp.³⁶ Baisonelia vitimica n. gen. n. sp.³⁶ Ponomarenko 1992 lacewing PIN 3064/2420
Neuroptera - Mesochrysopidae	Tachinymphes ascalaphoides n. gen. n. sp.³⁶ Tachinymphes ascalaphoides n. gen. n. sp.³⁶ Ponomarenko 1992 lacewing PIN 3064/2445
Dicondylia -	Raphidioptera indet.³⁷ Raphidioptera indet.³⁷ Handlirsch 1908 snakefly PIN 3064/943, 2347, 2354, 2360
Raphidioptera - Baissopteridae	Baissoptera sibirica n. sp.³⁷, Baissoptera martinsoni³⁷, Baissoptera cellulosa n. sp.³⁷, "Baissoptera minima n. sp." = Microbaissoptera minima³⁷, Cretoraphidia sp.³⁷, Cretoraphidia reticulata n. sp.³⁷ Baissoptera sibirica n. sp.³⁷ Ponomarenko 1993 snakefly PIN 3064/2376, 2375, 2373, 2352, 2360 Baissoptera martinsoni³⁷ Martynova 1961 snakefly PIN 3064/2361, 2377, 2329, 2355 Baissoptera cellulosa n. sp.³⁷ Ponomarenko 1993 snakefly PIN 3064/2367 "Baissoptera minima n. sp." = Microbaissoptera minima³⁷ Ponomarenko 1993 snakefly PIN 3064/2364, 2328, 2369, 2372, 10521 Cretoraphidia sp.³⁷ Ponomarenko 1993 snakefly PIN 3064/2344 Cretoraphidia reticulata n. sp.³⁷ Ponomarenko 1993 snakefly PIN 3064/953
Raphidioptera - Mesoraphidiidae	Cretinocellia cellulosa³⁷, Siboptera eurydictyon n. gen. n. sp.³⁷, Baisoraphidia spp.³⁷, Alloraphidia asiatica³⁷, "Alloraphidia vitimica" = Pararaphidia vitimica³⁷, "Alloraphidia deserta" = Pararaphidia deserta³⁷, Archeraphidia baisensis n. sp.³⁷ Cretinocellia cellulosa³⁷ Ponomarenko 1988 snakefly PIN 3064/2358, 2350 Siboptera eurydictyon n. gen. n. sp.³⁷ Ponomarenko 1993 snakefly PIN 3064/2340, 951, 2371, 2374, 954 Baisoraphidia spp.³⁷ Ponomarenko 1993 snakefly PIN 3064/2342, 2359, 2363, 2362(10555) Alloraphidia asiatica³⁷ Ponomarenko 1993 snakefly PIN 3064/2370, 2351 "Alloraphidia vitimica" = Pararaphidia vitimica³⁷ Martynova 1961 snakefly PIN 3064/2368 "Alloraphidia deserta" = Pararaphidia deserta³⁷ Ponomarenko 1988 snakefly PIN 3064/2356, 2357 Archeraphidia baisensis n. sp.³⁷ Ponomarenko 1993 snakefly PIN 3064/2346, 2333, 2352
Diptera - Cramptonomyiidae	Pivus sarus n. gen. n. sp.⁷ Pivus sarus n. gen. n. sp.⁷ Blagoderov et al. 1993 fly PIN 3064/9740
Diptera - Protapioceridae	Protapiocera sp.²² Protapiocera sp.²² Ren 1998 fly PIN 3064/9930 (ID number in Khramov et al. 2020, as Mydidae indet.)
Diptera - Nemestrinidae	? Nemestrinus incertus n. sp.²⁴ ? Nemestrinus incertus n. sp.²⁴ Mostovski and Martínez-Delclòs 2000 tangle-veined fly PIN 3064/9929, 9690
Diptera - Archizelmiridae	Archizelmira baissa n. sp.¹⁶ Archizelmira baissa n. sp.¹⁶ Grimaldi et al. 2003 fungus gnat PIN 3064/9039, 9918 (bed unspecified)
Diptera - Trichoceridae	Zherikhinina baissana n. gen. n. sp.²⁰, Trichocera cretacea n. sp.²⁰, Karatina explorans²⁰ Zherikhinina baissana n. gen. n. sp.²⁰ Krzemińska et al. 2009 winter crane fly PIN 3064/9625, 9627, 9629, 9637 Trichocera cretacea n. sp.²⁰ Krzemińska et al. 2009 winter crane fly PIN 3064/9646 Karatina explorans²⁰ Krzemińska et al. 2009 winter crane fly PIN 3064/9635
Diptera - Mesosciophilidae	Mesosciophilopsis curtus n. sp.⁶ Mesosciophilopsis curtus n. sp.⁶ Blagoderov 1994 fly PIN 3064/9795
Diptera - Ptychopteridae	"Proptychoptera cretacea n. sp." = Eoptychoptera cretacea¹⁷ "Proptychoptera cretacea n. sp." = Eoptychoptera cretacea¹⁷ Kalugina 1989 phantom crane fly PIN 3064/1298
Diptera - Elliidae	Ellia colorissima n. gen. n. sp.²¹ Ellia colorissima n. gen. n. sp.²¹ Krzemińska et al. 1993 fly PIN 3064/9730
Mecoptera - Mesopsychidae	Vitimopsyche torta³¹ Vitimopsyche torta³¹ Novokshonov and Sukacheva 2001 scorpionfly PIN 3064/2318, 1035
Mecoptera - Bittacidae	Baissobittacus angustipennatus³⁰, Cretobittacus baisensis n. gen. n. sp.²⁹ Baissobittacus angustipennatus³⁰ Novokshonov 1997 hangingfly PIN 3064/1026 Cretobittacus baisensis n. gen. n. sp.²⁹ Novokshonov 1993 hangingfly PIN 3064/2317
Siphonaptera - Saurophthiridae	Saurophthirus longipes n. gen. n. sp.³³ Saurophthirus longipes n. gen. n. sp.³³ Ponomarenko 1976 flea PIN 3064/1898, 2378, 2380, 2381, 2383
Hymenoptera - Xyelidae	Anthoxyela baissensis n. gen. n. sp.³⁹ Anthoxyela baissensis n. gen. n. sp.³⁹ Rasnitsyn 1977 sawfly PIN 3064/634
Hymenoptera - Sepulcidae	Trematothorax baissensis n. gen. n. sp.⁴⁰ Trematothorax baissensis n. gen. n. sp.⁴⁰ Rasnitsyn 1988 stem sawfly PIN 3064/1943
Hymenoptera - Pelecinidae	Protopelecinus regularis n. gen. n. sp.⁵¹ Protopelecinus regularis n. gen. n. sp.⁵¹ Zhang and Rasnitsyn 2004 wasp PIN 3064/2003 (unspecified)
Hymenoptera - Angarosphecidae	Angarosphex myrmicopterus n. gen. n. sp., Trichobaissodes antennatus n. gen. n. sp., "Cretosphex incertus n. gen. n. sp." = Archisphex incertus, Oryctobaissodes armatus n. gen. n. sp. Angarosphex myrmicopterus n. gen. n. sp. Rasnitsyn 1975 apoid wasp PIN 3064/629 Trichobaissodes antennatus n. gen. n. sp. Rasnitsyn 1975 apoid wasp PIN 3064/632 "Cretosphex incertus n. gen. n. sp." = Archisphex incertus Rasnitsyn 1975 apoid wasp PIN 3064/626 Oryctobaissodes armatus n. gen. n. sp. Rasnitsyn 1975 apoid wasp PIN 3064/637
Hymenoptera - Praeaulacidae	Cretocleistogaster vitimica n. gen. n. sp. Cretocleistogaster vitimica n. gen. n. sp. Rasnitsyn 1975 wasp PIN 3064/641, 630
Hymenoptera - Anaxyelidae	Anaxyelidae indet.¹⁹, Dolichosyntexis transbaikalicus n. gen. n. sp.¹⁹, ? Brachysyntexis sp.¹⁹, Dolichostigma tenuipes¹⁹ Anaxyelidae indet.¹⁹ Martynov 1925 winged insect PIN 3064/1938 Dolichosyntexis transbaikalicus n. gen. n. sp.¹⁹ Kopylov 2019 winged insect PIN 3064/1941, 1940 ? Brachysyntexis sp.¹⁹ Rasnitsyn 1969 winged insect PIN 3064/1939 Dolichostigma tenuipes¹⁹ Rasnitsyn 1968 winged insect PIN 3064/1937
Dicondylia - Aerophasmidae	Baissophasma simile n. sp.¹⁴, Baissophasma pilosum n. gen. n. sp.¹⁴ Baissophasma simile n. sp.¹⁴ Gorochov 1993 winged insect PIN 3064/440 Baissophasma pilosum n. gen. n. sp.¹⁴ Gorochov 1993 winged insect PIN 3064/8524, 8525
Dicondylia - Susumaniidae	Cretophasmomima burjatica n. sp.¹² Cretophasmomima burjatica n. sp.¹² Gorochov 1988 winged insect PIN 3064/10621, 8318
Plecoptera - Oecanthoperlidae	Oecanthoperla sibirica n. gen. n. sp.⁴⁵ Oecanthoperla sibirica n. gen. n. sp.⁴⁵ Storozhenko 1988 stonefly PIN 3064/8603, 8601, 8602
Orthoptera - Prophalangopsidae	Tettaboilus pulcher n. gen. n. sp.¹¹ Tettaboilus pulcher n. gen. n. sp.¹¹ Gorochov 1988 hump-winged cricket PIN 3064/432
Orthoptera - Vitimiidae	Deinovitimia insolita n. gen. n. sp.¹³ Deinovitimia insolita n. gen. n. sp.¹³ Gorochov 1989 grasshopper PIN 3064/8454 (bed unspecified)
Mantodea -	Cretophotina sp.⁴⁷ Cretophotina sp.⁴⁷ Gratshev and Zherikhin 1993 mantis PIN 3064/3513
Blattodea -	Baissatermes lapideus n. gen. n. sp.⁸ Baissatermes lapideus n. gen. n. sp.⁸ Engel et al. 2007 termite PIN 3064/8583
Blattodea - Ectobiidae	Piniblattella vitimica⁴⁶ Piniblattella vitimica⁴⁶ Vishnyakova 1964 cockroach
Blattodea - Mesoblattinidae	Archimesoblatta altera⁴⁸ Archimesoblatta altera⁴⁸ Vršanský 1997 cockroach PIN 3064/3621, 2735
Thysanoptera - Thripidae	Convexithrips robustus n. gen.⁴⁴ Convexithrips robustus n. gen.⁴⁴ Shmakov 2009 thrips PIN 3064/8550
Thysanoptera - Aeolothripidae	Fusithrips crassipes n. gen. n. sp.⁴⁴ Fusithrips crassipes n. gen. n. sp.⁴⁴ Shmakov 2009 thrips PIN 3064/8547,8552
Hemiptera - Oviparosiphidae	Vitimaphis sp.⁵³, Vitimaphis rasnitsyni⁵³, Vitimaphis subridens n. sp.⁵³ Vitimaphis sp.⁵³ Shaposhnikov and Wegierek 1989 aphid PIN 3064/2236 Vitimaphis rasnitsyni⁵³ Shaposhnikov and Wegierek 1989 aphid PIN 3064/2092(2103) Vitimaphis subridens n. sp.⁵³ Żyła et al. 2017 aphid PIN 3064/5000
Hemiptera - Bajsaphididae	Bajsaphis kononovae n. gen. n. sp.⁴² Bajsaphis kononovae n. gen. n. sp.⁴² Shaposhnikov 1985 aphid PIN 3064/2229, 2216
Hemiptera -	Holmaniella papillata n. gen. n. sp.⁴² Holmaniella papillata n. gen. n. sp.⁴² Shaposhnikov 1985 aphid PIN 3064/2301
Hemiptera - Szelegiewicziidae	Szelegiewiczia maculata n. gen. n. sp.⁴² Szelegiewiczia maculata n. gen. n. sp.⁴² Shaposhnikov 1985 aphid PIN 3064/2247
Hemiptera - Tingidae	Sinaldocader ponomarenkoi n. sp.¹⁰ Sinaldocader ponomarenkoi n. sp.¹⁰ Golub and Popov 2008 lace bug PIN 3064/5661
Hemiptera - Hylicellidae	Vietocycla peregrina n. gen. n. sp.⁴³ Vietocycla peregrina n. gen. n. sp.⁴³ Shcherbakov 1988 true bug PIN 3064/4141, 453, 1074, 4143-4145, 4147, 4151, 4153-4158, 4161-14166, 4168, 4169, 4589
Odonata - Aeshnidae	Baissaeshna zherikhini n. sp.⁴ Baissaeshna zherikhini n. sp.⁴ Bechly et al. 2001 darner dragonfly PIN 3064/3146
Odonata - Hemeroscopidae	Hemeroscopus baissicus n. gen. n. sp.⁵ Hemeroscopus baissicus n. gen. n. sp.⁵ Pritykina 1977 true dragonfly PIN 3064/141
Odonata - Isophlebiidae	Nacholonda crassicosta n. gen. n. sp.³⁸ Nacholonda crassicosta n. gen. n. sp.³⁸ Pritykina 1977 dragonfly PIN 3064/101 (bed unspecified)
Ephemeroptera - Hexagenitidae	Ephemeropsis melanurus⁵² Ephemeropsis melanurus⁵² Cockerell 1924 mayfly PIN 3064/3333
Arachnida
Araneae -	Eocoddingtonia eskovi n. gen. n. sp.⁴¹ Eocoddingtonia eskovi n. gen. n. sp.⁴¹ Selden 2010 spider PIN 3064/8593, 8591, 8594

¹Alexeev 1995; ²Alexeev 2011; ³Arnoldi et al. 1977; ⁴Bechly et al. 2001; ⁵Bechly et al. 1998; ⁶Blagoderov 1994; ⁷Blagoderov et al. 1993; ⁸Engel et al. 2007; ⁹Fikáček et al. 2014; ¹⁰Golub and Popov 2008; ¹¹Gorochov 1988; ¹²Gorochov 1988; ¹³Gorochov 1989; ¹⁴Gorochov 1993; ¹⁵Gratshev and Legalov 2014; ¹⁶Grimaldi et al. 2003; ¹⁷Kalugina 1989; ¹⁸Kirejtshuk and Ponomarenko 1990; ¹⁹Kopylov 2019; ²⁰Krzemińska et al. 2009; ²¹Krzemińska et al. 1993; ²²Labandeira 2005; ²³Legalov 2015; ²⁴Mostovski and Martínez-Delclòs 2000; ²⁵Nikolajev 1995; ²⁶Nikolajev 2004; ²⁷Nikolajev 2007; ²⁸Nikolajev 2010; ²⁹Novokshonov 1993; ³⁰Novokshonov 1997; ³¹Novokshonov and Sukacheva 2001; ³²Perkovskiy 1990; ³³Ponomarenko 1976; ³⁴Ponomarenko 1976; ³⁵Ponomarenko 1987; ³⁶Ponomarenko 1992; ³⁷Ponomarenko 1993; ³⁸Pritykina 1977; ³⁹Rasnitsyn 1977; ⁴⁰Rasnitsyn 1988; ⁴¹Selden 2010; ⁴²Shaposhnikov 1985; ⁴³Shcherbakov 1988; ⁴⁴Shmakov 2009; ⁴⁵Storozhenko 1988; ⁴⁶Vršanský 1997; ⁴⁷Vršanský 2002; ⁴⁸Vršanský 2003; ⁴⁹Yan 2012; ⁵⁰Yan et al. 2014; ⁵¹Zhang and Rasnitsyn 2004; ⁵²Zherikhin 2002; ⁵³Żyła et al. 2017