PBDB Collection

Pyramid Hill Sand Member grit zone (Oligocene of the United States)

Also known as LACMVP Loc. 1603, 1626, 1627; UCMP Loc. V-7032

Where: Kern County, California (35.5° N, 118.8° W: paleocoordinates 35.2° N, 109.8° W)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• local area-level geographic resolution

When: Pyramid Hill Member (Jewett Formation), Chattian (28.1 - 23.0 Ma)

• grit zone; age assignments vary; age for this collection originally listed as Chattian after Scheirer and Magoon, 2007 and Barboza et al., 2017; but Aquitanian after discussion in Shimada et al. 2014

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: marine; lithified, concretionary sandstone

• contains pebbles, rounded black chert grains, angular quartz clasts, and is referred to as the ""grit zone"" by some geologists

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: concretion, permineralized, original phosphate

Reposited in the LACM

Collection methods: surface (in situ), chemical, mechanical,

• Pyramid Hill Local Fauna

Primary reference: F. M. Anderson. 1911. The Neocene deposits of Kern River, California, and the Temblor Basin. Proceedings of the Califonia Academy of Sciences 3:73-148 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 11601: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Mark Uhen on 23.08.2001, edited by Patricia Holroyd and Austin Hendy

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

Scaphopoda
-	Scaphopoda indet. Scaphopoda indet. Bronn 1862 tusk shell
Dentaliida - Dentaliidae	Dentalium sp. Dentalium sp. Linnaeus 1758 tusk shell
Gastropoda
-	Gastropoda indet. Gastropoda indet. Cuvier 1795 snail
Neotaenioglossa - Calyptraeidae	Crepidula princeps Crepidula princeps Conrad 1855 slipper shell
Epitonioidea - Epitoniidae	"Epitonium cf. rugiferum" = Opalia (Opalia) rugiferum "Epitonium cf. rugiferum" = Opalia (Opalia) rugiferum Dall 1909 wentletrap
Neogastropoda - Siphonaliidae	"Agasoma gravidum" = Bruclarkia gravida "Agasoma gravidum" = Bruclarkia gravida Gabb 1866 snail
Neogastropoda - Buccinidae	Chrysodomus sp. Chrysodomus sp. Swainson 1840 true whelk misspelled as "Chrisodomus sp."
Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae	"Cancellaria andersoni" = Cancellaria oregonensis¹ "Cancellaria andersoni" = Cancellaria oregonensis¹ Conrad 1865 snail
Neogastropoda - Conidae	Conus owenianus Conus owenianus Anderson 1905 cone shell
Sorbeoconcha - Ficidae	"Agasoma kernianum" = Ficus (Trophosycon) kerniana "Agasoma kernianum" = Ficus (Trophosycon) kerniana Cooper 1894 fig shell
Sorbeoconcha - Naticidae	"Natica aff. lewisii" = Euspira lewisii, "Neverita callosa" = Glossaulax reclusiana "Natica aff. lewisii" = Euspira lewisii Gould 1847 moon snail "Neverita callosa" = Glossaulax reclusiana Deshayes 1839 moon snail
Bivalvia
-	Bivalvia indet. Bivalvia indet. Linnaeus 1758 clam
Nuculanida - Sareptidae	"Yoldia aff. cooperii" = Yoldia (Portlandia) cooperii⁴ "Yoldia aff. cooperii" = Yoldia (Portlandia) cooperii⁴ Gabb 1865 clam
Cardiida - Cardiidae	"Cardium vaqueroense" = Dallocardia vaquerosense "Cardium vaqueroense" = Dallocardia vaquerosense Arnold 1908 cockle
Cardiida - Tellinidae	Tellina sp., "Tellina ocoyana" = Tellina (Olcesia) ocoyana Tellina sp. Linnaeus 1758 tellin clam "Tellina ocoyana" = Tellina (Olcesia) ocoyana Conrad 1855 tellin clam
Cardiida - Mactridae	"Mactra cf. albaria" = Mactromeris albaria "Mactra cf. albaria" = Mactromeris albaria Conrad 1848 clam
Cardiida - Veneridae	"Cytherea mathewsoni" = Amiantis mathewsoni, "Venus pertenuis" = Clementia (Egesta) pertenuis, Tivela inezana, "Venus temblorensis" = Chione (Chionopsis) temblorensis, Dosinia conradi, "Dosinia whitneyi" = Dosinia (Dosinia) whitneyi "Cytherea mathewsoni" = Amiantis mathewsoni Gabb 1866 venus clam "Venus pertenuis" = Clementia (Egesta) pertenuis Gabb 1864 venus clam Tivela inezana Conrad 1856 venus clam "Venus temblorensis" = Chione (Chionopsis) temblorensis Anderson 1905 venus clam Dosinia conradi Gabb 1866 venus clam "Dosinia whitneyi" = Dosinia (Dosinia) whitneyi Gabb 1866 venus clam
Cardiida - Corbiculidae	"Cyrena dumblei" = Polymesoda dumblei "Cyrena dumblei" = Polymesoda dumblei Anderson 1905 clam
Solenida - Solenidae	Solen sp. Solen sp. Linnaeus 1758 clam
Pholadomyida - Pholadomyidae	Homomya sp. Homomya sp. Agassiz 1843 clam
Lucinida - Lucinidae	"Phacoides acutilineatus" = Lucinoma acutilineata "Phacoides acutilineatus" = Lucinoma acutilineata Conrad 1849 clam
Mytilida - Mytilidae	Mytilus sp., "Mytilus mathewsoni" = Crenomytilus mathewsoni Mytilus sp. Linnaeus 1758 mussel "Mytilus mathewsoni" = Crenomytilus mathewsoni Gabb 1866 mussel
Arcida - Arcidae	"Arca montereyana" = Anadara montereyana "Arca montereyana" = Anadara montereyana Osmont 1904 ark
Arcida - Glycymerididae	"Pectunculus branneri" = Glycymeris (Glycymeris) branneri, "Pectunculus septentrionalis" = Glycymeris septentrionalis "Pectunculus branneri" = Glycymeris (Glycymeris) branneri Arnold 1908 clam "Pectunculus septentrionalis" = Glycymeris septentrionalis Middendorf 1849 clam
Ostreida - Gryphaeidae	"Ostrea eldridgei" = Crenostrea eldridgei "Ostrea eldridgei" = Crenostrea eldridgei Arnold 1907 oyster
Ostreida - Ostreidae	"Ostrea aff. titan" = Crassostrea titan "Ostrea aff. titan" = Crassostrea titan Conrad 1853 oyster
Ostreida - Pinnidae	"Pinna alamedensis" = Atrina alamedensis "Pinna alamedensis" = Atrina alamedensis Yates in Cooper 1888 oyster
Pectinida - Pectinoidae	"Pecten magnolia" = Macrochlamis magnolia, "Pecten bowersi" = Vertipecten bowersi, "Pecten perrini" = Vertipecten perrini, "Pecten nevadanus" = Vertipecten kernensis, "Pecten aff. estrellanus" = Nodipecten estrellanus, "Pecten andersoni" = Pacipecten andersoni, "Pecten sespeensis" = Chlamys sespeensis "Pecten magnolia" = Macrochlamis magnolia Conrad 1857 scallop "Pecten bowersi" = Vertipecten bowersi Arnold 1906 scallop "Pecten perrini" = Vertipecten perrini Arnold 1906 scallop "Pecten nevadanus" = Vertipecten kernensis Hertlein 1925 scallop misspelled as "Pecten nevadensis" "Pecten aff. estrellanus" = Nodipecten estrellanus Conrad 1856 scallop "Pecten andersoni" = Pacipecten andersoni Arnold 1906 scallop "Pecten sespeensis" = Chlamys sespeensis Arnold 1906 scallop
Chondrichthyes
Rajiformes - Rhinobatidae	Zapteryx cf. californicus⁶ Zapteryx cf. californicus⁶ guitarfish
Myliobatiformes - Myliobatidae	Myliobatis californicus⁶ Myliobatis californicus⁶ eagle ray
Heterodontiformes - Heterodontidae	Heterodontus sp.⁶ Heterodontus sp.⁶ de Blainville 1816 bullhead shark
Echinorhiniformes - Echinorhinidae	Echinorhinus blakei⁶ Echinorhinus blakei⁶ Agassiz 1856 shark
Squaliformes - Squalidae	Squalus cf. serriculus⁶ Squalus cf. serriculus⁶ Jordan and Hanibal 1923 dogfish shark
Squatiniformes - Squatinidae	Squatina cf. lerichei⁶ Squatina cf. lerichei⁶ Jordan and Beal 1910 angel shark
Lamniformes - Cetorhinidae	Cetorhinus sp.⁶ Cetorhinus sp.⁶ de Blainville 1816 basking shark
Lamniformes - Lamnidae	"Isurus hastalis" = Carcharodon hastalis⁶, Isurus benedini⁶, Isurus aus⁶, Isurus bus⁶ "Isurus hastalis" = Carcharodon hastalis⁶ Agassiz 1838 white shark Isurus benedini⁶ mackerel shark Isurus aus⁶ mackerel shark Isurus bus⁶ mackerel shark
Lamniformes - Otodontidae	"Carcharodon angustidens" = Otodus (Carcharocles) angustidens⁶ "Carcharodon angustidens" = Otodus (Carcharocles) angustidens⁶ Agassiz 1835 mackerel shark
Lamniformes - Megachasmidae	Megachasma applegatei n. sp.⁷ Megachasma applegatei n. sp.⁷ Shimada et al. 2014 mackerel shark from LACM 1626
Lamniformes - Alopiidae	Alopias latidens⁶, Alopias cf. exigua⁶, Alopias cf. vulpinus⁶ Alopias latidens⁶ Leriche 1909 thresher shark Alopias cf. exigua⁶ Probst 1879 thresher shark Alopias cf. vulpinus⁶ Bonnaterre 1788 thresher shark
Lamniformes - Odontaspididae	Odontaspis ferox⁶ Odontaspis ferox⁶ Risso 1826 sand tiger shark
Carcharhiniformes - Triakidae	Galeorhinus cf. latus⁶ Galeorhinus cf. latus⁶ school shark
Carcharhiniformes - Carcharhinidae	Carcharhinus sp.⁶, Negaprion cf. elongata⁶ Carcharhinus sp.⁶ de Blainville 1816 requiem shark Negaprion cf. elongata⁶ lemon shark
Carcharhiniformes - Galeocerdidae	Galeocerdo medius⁶ Galeocerdo medius⁶ tiger shark
Carcharhiniformes - Scyliorhinidae	"Cephaloscyllium sp." = Scyliorhinus⁶ "Cephaloscyllium sp." = Scyliorhinus⁶ Blainville 1816 cat shark
Carcharhiniformes - Sphyrnidae	Sphyrna aus⁶, Sphyrna bus⁶ Sphyrna aus⁶ hammerhead shark Sphyrna bus⁶ hammerhead shark
Pristiophoriformes - Pristiophoridae	Pristiophorus sp.⁶ Pristiophorus sp.⁶ Bleeker 1859 saw shark misspelled as "Pristophorus"
Hexanchiformes - Hexanchidae	Hexanchus aus⁶, Hexanchus bus⁶ Hexanchus aus⁶ sixgill shark Hexanchus bus⁶ sixgill shark
Actinopteri
Gadiformes - Gadidae	Gadidae indet.⁶ Gadidae indet.⁶ Rafinesque 1810
Gadiformes - Macrouridae	Macrouridae indet.⁶ Macrouridae indet.⁶ Jordan and Evermann 1898 grenadiers misspelled as "Macruridae"
Acanthomorphata - Sciaenidae	Sciaenidae indet.⁶ Sciaenidae indet.⁶ Cuvier 1828
Perciformes - Scorpaenidae	? Scorpaenidae indet.⁶ ? Scorpaenidae indet.⁶ Risso 1827 perch-like fish
Pleuronectiformes - Pleuronectidae	Pleuronectidae indet.⁶ Pleuronectidae indet.⁶ flatfish
Pleuronectiformes - Bothidae	Bothidae indet.⁶ Bothidae indet.⁶ flatfish
Acanthomorphata - Embiotocidae	? Embiotocidae indet.⁶ ? Embiotocidae indet.⁶
Reptilia
Testudines -	"Chelonia indet." = Testudines⁶ "Chelonia indet." = Testudines⁶ Batsch 1788 turtle
Loricata -	Crocodylia indet.² Crocodylia indet.² crocodilian LACM 72262
Aves
Suliformes - Plotopteridae	Plotopterum joaquinensis n. gen. n. sp.⁵ Plotopterum joaquinensis n. gen. n. sp.⁵ Howard 1969 bird from LACM 1626
Mammalia
Carnivora -	Pinnarctidion bishopi³ Pinnarctidion bishopi³ Barnes 1979 pinniped
Carnivora - Pinnipedia	Pinnipedia indet.³ Pinnipedia indet.³ pinniped
Carnivora -	Enaliarctos mealsi n. gen. n. sp.⁶ Enaliarctos mealsi n. gen. n. sp.⁶ Mitchell and Tedford 1973 pinniped
Carnivora - Enaliarctidae	Enaliarctidae indet.³ Enaliarctidae indet.³ Tedford 1976 pinniped
Artiodactyla - Tayassuidae	aff. Desmathyus sp.⁶ aff. Desmathyus sp.⁶ Matthew 1907 peccary
Cetacea - Squalodontidae	Squalodontidae indet.⁶ Squalodontidae indet.⁶ Brandt 1873 toothed whale
Cetacea -	"Acrodelphis bakersfieldensis" = Argyrocetus bakersfieldensis⁸, Argyrocetus joaquinensis³ "Acrodelphis bakersfieldensis" = Argyrocetus bakersfieldensis⁸ Wilson 1935 toothed whale Argyrocetus joaquinensis³ Kellogg 1932 toothed whale
Perissodactyla - Equidae	"Anchitherium cf. agatensis" = Kalobatippus agatensis⁶ "Anchitherium cf. agatensis" = Kalobatippus agatensis⁶ Osborn 1918 anchitheriine horse

¹Addicott 1970; ²Barboza et al. 2017; ³Barnes 1979; ⁴Coan et al. 2000; ⁵Howard 1969; ⁶Mitchell and Tedford 1973; ⁷Shimada et al. 2014; ⁸Wilson 1935