PBDB Collection

Orapa (Bernard Price Institute) (Cretaceous of Botswana)

Where: Botswana (22.3° S, 26.4° E: paleocoordinates 39.9° S, 12.0° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Turonian (93.9 - 89.8 Ma)

Environment/lithology: lacustrine - large; lithified mudstone

• Collapsed Kimberlite

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Preservation: adpression, original chitin

Collection methods: surface (in situ)

• Specimens at the Bernard Price Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

Primary reference: R. J. Rayner. 1987. March Flies from an African Cretaceous springtime. Lethaia 20:123-127 [M. Clapham/J. Karr]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 123430: authorized by Matthew Clapham, entered by Matthew Clapham on 22.01.2012, edited by Jered Karr

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

Insecta
Diptera - Bibionidae	Bibionidae indet., Bibiodes sp.¹⁴ Bibionidae indet. Fleming 1821 march fly BP/2/22453; BP/2/22454; BP/2/22456 Bibiodes sp.¹⁴ Coquillett 1904 march fly BP/2/22455 (Bibionidae indet. fig 1B,D in Rayner, 1987)
Diptera - Empididae	Empis orapaensis n. sp.¹⁵ Empis orapaensis n. sp.¹⁵ Waters 1989 dagger fly BP/2/26953
Diptera - Hybotidae	Pseudoacarterus orapaensis n. gen. n. sp.¹⁶ Pseudoacarterus orapaensis n. gen. n. sp.¹⁶ Waters 1989 dance fly BP/2/25224ab
Diptera - Limoniidae	Helius botswanensis n. sp.¹³ Helius botswanensis n. sp.¹³ Rayner and Waters 1990 crane fly BP/2/26000
Coleoptera -	Ceafornotensis archratiras n. gen. n. sp.¹⁷ Ceafornotensis archratiras n. gen. n. sp.¹⁷ Woolley 2016 scarab beetle BP/2/18654
Coleoptera - Staphylinidae	Afristenus orapensis n. gen. n. sp.⁸ Afristenus orapensis n. gen. n. sp.⁸ Mnguni et al. 2022 rove beetle BP/2/25912
Coleoptera -	Curculionoidea indet.⁵ Curculionoidea indet.⁵ Latreille 1802 weevil BP/2/22433, 27206, 27515, 27784, 27512
Coleoptera - Attelabidae	Orapauletes cretaceus n. gen. n. sp.⁶ Orapauletes cretaceus n. gen. n. sp.⁶ Legalov 2009 leaf rolling weevil BP/2/26974 (fig 12 in Kuschel et al. 1994)
Coleoptera - Brentidae	Orapaeus cretaceus n. gen. n. sp.⁵ Orapaeus cretaceus n. gen. n. sp.⁵ Kuschel and Oberprieler 1994 weevil BP/2/27257, 18493, 25923, 26961, 27103, 27327, 27769, 27772, 28889, 27787, ?27502, ?27504, ?27513
Coleoptera - Carabidae	Palaeoaxinidium orapensis n. gen. n. sp.⁷ Palaeoaxinidium orapensis n. gen. n. sp.⁷ McKay 1991 ground beetle BP/2/18302; Locality 2 found in Nov. 1983
Hymenoptera - Evaniidae	Botsvania cretacea n. gen. n. sp.¹⁰ Botsvania cretacea n. gen. n. sp.¹⁰ Rasnitsyn and Brothers 2007 ensign wasp BP/2/26835/1
Hymenoptera - Armaniidae	? Orapia minor n. sp.³, Orapia rayneri n. gen. n. sp.³ ? Orapia minor n. sp.³ Dlussky et al. 2004 wasp BP/2/25845/2 Orapia rayneri n. gen. n. sp.³ Dlussky et al. 2004 wasp BP/2/26924
Hymenoptera - Embolemidae	Cretembolemus orapensis n. gen. n. sp.⁹ Cretembolemus orapensis n. gen. n. sp.⁹ Olmi et al. 2014 wasp BP/2/27895(27900)
Hymenoptera - Vespidae	Curiosivespa orapa n. sp.¹, Priorparagia anancites n. gen. n. sp.² Curiosivespa orapa n. sp.¹ Brothers 1992 wasp BP/2/27125 Priorparagia anancites n. gen. n. sp.² Brothers and Rasnitsyn 2008 wasp BP/2/28070-1
Hymenoptera - Formicidae	? Afropone orapa n. sp.³, Afropone oculata n. gen. n. sp.³, Afromyrma petrosa n. gen. n. sp.³ ? Afropone orapa n. sp.³ Dlussky et al. 2004 ant BP/2/26628/1 Afropone oculata n. gen. n. sp.³ Dlussky et al. 2004 ant BP/2/28072a/2, 26631-17 Afromyrma petrosa n. gen. n. sp.³ Dlussky et al. 2004 ant BP/2/26501
Hymenoptera - Chalscelionidae	Chalscelio orapa n. gen. n. sp.¹⁰ Chalscelio orapa n. gen. n. sp.¹⁰ Rasnitsyn and Brothers 2007 wasp BP/2/26990
Hymenoptera - Maimetshidae	Maimetshorapia africana n. gen. n. sp.¹¹, Afrapia variicornis n. sp.¹¹, Afrapia globularis n. gen. n. sp.¹¹, Afromaimetsha robusta n. gen. n. sp.¹¹ Maimetshorapia africana n. gen. n. sp.¹¹ Rasnitsyn and Brothers 2009 wasp BP/2/28222-11 Afrapia variicornis n. sp.¹¹ Rasnitsyn and Brothers 2009 wasp BP/2/27215 Afrapia globularis n. gen. n. sp.¹¹ Rasnitsyn and Brothers 2009 wasp BP/2/28003-1 (BP/2/28069-1) Afromaimetsha robusta n. gen. n. sp.¹¹ Rasnitsyn and Brothers 2009 wasp BP/2/27111-1
Hymenoptera - Ichneumonidae	Labenopimpla orapa n. sp.⁴, Rugopimpla botswana n. sp.⁴ Labenopimpla orapa n. sp.⁴ Kopylov et al. 2010 ichneumon wasp BP/2/25980 Rugopimpla botswana n. sp.⁴ Kopylov et al. 2010 ichneumon wasp BP/2/27390
Hemiptera - Aphididae	? Siphonophoroides orapaensis n. sp.¹² ? Siphonophoroides orapaensis n. sp.¹² Rayner and Waters 1989 aphid BP/2/25970

¹Brothers 1992; ²Brothers and Rasnitsyn 2008; ³Dlussky et al. 2004; ⁴Kopylov et al. 2010; ⁵Kuschel et al. 1994; ⁶Legalov 2009; ⁷McKay 1991; ⁸Mnguni et al. 2022; ⁹Olmi et al. 2014; ¹⁰Rasnitsyn and Brothers 2007; ¹¹Rasnitsyn and Brothers 2009; ¹²Rayner and Waters 1989; ¹³Rayner and Waters 1990; ¹⁴Skartveit 2009; ¹⁵Waters 1989; ¹⁶Waters 1989; ¹⁷Woolley 2016