PBDB Collection

Tio Gregorio (Miocene of Venezuela)

Also known as Urumaco

Where: Falcon, Venezuela (11.2° N, 70.3° W: paleocoordinates 11.0° N, 68.9° W)

• coordinate stated in text

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Upper Member (Urumaco Formation), Late/Upper Miocene (11.6 - 5.3 Ma)

• The geological units from which the specimens were obtained are the middle and upper members of the Urumaco Formation of Venezuela. These units have been recently summarized in the Léxico estratigráfico de Venezuela (1997).

•

•Horovitz, et al. 2006: with strata located at the top of the Urumaco sequence and close stratigraphically to the overlying Codore Formation

• member-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: fluvial-deltaic; brown, gray claystone

• The paleoenvironments were tropical near shore marine to low coastal savannas with freshwater rivers.

• The upper member of the Urumaco Formation also comprises gray to brown often limey claystone with thin intercalated and locally conchiferous sandstones. The uppermost layer is referred to as the “capa de tortugas” because of its abundant remains of the turtle Bairdemys Gaffney & Wood. Several localities and levels have concentra- tions of vertebrate fossils. The vertebrate fauna includes marine, estuarine and freshwater fishes, terrestrial, freshwater and marine turtles and crocodilians, and terrestrial and aquatic/semiaquatic mammals (Sánchez-Villagra et al., 2003).

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: J. G. Lundberg and O. A. Aguilera. 2003. The late Miocene Phractocephalus catfish (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from Urumaco, Venezuela: additional specimens and reinterpretation as a distinct species. Neotropical Ichthyology 1(2):97-109 [C. Jaramillo/G. Ballen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 136776: authorized by Carlos Jaramillo, entered by Gustavo Ballen on 04.12.2012, edited by Philip Mannion, Juan Carrillo, Evangelos Vlachos and Miranta Kouvari

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

Reptilia
Crocodylia - Gavialidae	Gryposuchus croizati⁴, Ikanogavialis gameroi n. gen. n. sp.⁷ Gryposuchus croizati⁴ Riff and Aguilera 2008 crocodilian AMU-CURS-58 (isolated skull) Ikanogavialis gameroi n. gen. n. sp.⁷ Sill 1970 crocodilian UCV-VF-1165 & 1166 - holotype (cranium and mandible); referred material: MCN-URU-2002-143 (cranium and mandible)
Crocodylia - Alligatoridae	Caimaninae indet.⁶, Mourasuchus sp.⁵, Purussaurus mirandai¹, Purussaurus cf. mirandai⁶ Caimaninae indet.⁶ Brochu 1999 crocodilian AMU-CURS-105 (cranium) and AMU-CURS-106 (mandible) Mourasuchus sp.⁵ Price 1964 crocodilian AMU-CURS-073 (right mandible and incomplete rostrum and postcranial material) and AMU-CURS-695 Purussaurus mirandai¹ Aguilera et al. 2006 crocodilian MCC URU-157-72V (dentary), AMU-CURS-33 (isolated posterior tooth) Purussaurus cf. mirandai⁶ Aguilera et al. 2006 crocodilian AMU-CURS-57 (mandible)
Testudines - Podocnemididae	Bairdemys sanchezi n. sp.² Bairdemys sanchezi n. sp.² Gaffney et al. 2008 sideneck turtle AMU-CURS 186, Skull, jaws, and anterior plastral fragment
Mammalia
Rodentia - Neoepiblemidae	Phoberomys pattersoni³, Phoberomys cf. pattersoni³ Phoberomys pattersoni³ Bondesio and Bocquentin Villanueva 1988 caviomorph UNEFM-VF-020. Body mass estimates of 741Kg using the Femur. Phoberomys cf. pattersoni³ Bondesio and Bocquentin Villanueva 1988 caviomorph UNEFM-VF-026
Actinopteri
Siluriformes - Pimelodidae	Phractocephalus nassi Phractocephalus nassi Lundberg and Aguilera 2003 cajaro UNEFM-PF-0365 (paratype); UNEFM-PF-0366 (non-type); MCC-URU-2002-141, UNEFM-PF-0159 (non-types)

¹Aguilera et al. 2006; ²Gaffney et al. 2008; ³Horovitz et al. 2006; ⁴Riff and Aguilera 2008; ⁵Scheyer et al. 2013; ⁶Scheyer and Delfino 2016; ⁷Sill 1970