Where: Norte de Santander, Colombia (9.0° N, 73.0° W: paleocoordinates 6.5° N, 64.5° W)
• coordinate stated in text
• basin-level geographic resolution
When: IV pollen zone, Middle Eocene (47.8 - 37.7 Ma)
• The base of the Mirador is drawn at the level where the sandstones of the formation rest on the claystones or siltstones of the Los Cuervos. The contact is easily recognized and is, at least locally, unconformable. The Mirador/Los Cuervos contact represents a major change in sedimentation for the region, as it marks the appearance, at higher levels than the Uribante, of abundant, coarse, 'clean' sandstones give way to grey, micaceous, and in part sandy, shales which form the lowermost sediments of the overlying Carbonera Formation.
• bed-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: fluvial-deltaic; lithified, massive, fine-grained, coarse, conglomeratic sandstone and lithified, lenticular, brown, argillaceous shale
Size class: microfossils
• Pollen grain
Preservation: soft parts, original sporopollenin
Collection methods: From each coal or lignite layer several individual samples were analyzed, or the results of several samples were pooled.
Primary reference: A. E. González-Guzmán. 1967. A palynological study on the upper Los Cuervos and Mirador formations (Lower and middle Eocene; Tibu area, Colombia). 1-68 [C. Jaramillo/A. Cardenas /C. Jaramillo]more details
Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis
PaleoDB collection 136918: authorized by Carlos Jaramillo, entered by Andrés Cárdenas on 06.12.2012
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
Magnoliopsida | |
Psilatricolporites normalis, "Retitricolpites perforatus" = Albertipollenites perforatus, Retitricolporites equatorialis, Retitricolporites craceus, Retitricolporites marianis, Striatricolporites agustinus, Gemmamonocolpites barbatus, "Retitricolporites medius" = Siltaria media, Gemmatricolpites pulcher, "Retitricolpites florentinus" = Rousea florentina, Brevitricolpites variabilis, Clavatricolpites gracilis
Psilatricolporites normalis González-Guzmán 1967
"Retitricolpites perforatus" = Albertipollenites perforatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
Retitricolporites equatorialis González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolporites craceus González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolporites marianis González-Guzmán 1967
Striatricolporites agustinus González-Guzmán 1967
Gemmamonocolpites barbatus González-Guzmán 1967
"Retitricolporites medius" = Siltaria media Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
Gemmatricolpites pulcher González-Guzmán 1967
"Retitricolpites florentinus" = Rousea florentina Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
Brevitricolpites variabilis González-Guzmán 1967
Clavatricolpites gracilis González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Dicotyledoneae | |
"Jussitriporites undulatus" = Corsinipollenites undulatus
"Jussitriporites undulatus" = Corsinipollenites undulatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001 willowherb | |
Heterocolpites paluster González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Angiospermae | |
Retimonocolpites splendidus González-Guzmán 1967
Retimonocolpites tertiarius González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Spirosyncolpites clavatus González-Guzmán 1967 legume
Spirosyncolpites spiralis González-Guzmán 1967 legume | |
Monoporites annuloides González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Echitriporites trianguliformis van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964 | |
Perfotricolpites semistriatus González-Guzmán 1967 bindweed
Perfotricolpites digitatus González-Guzmán 1967 bindweed | |
Clavamonocolpites terrificus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Racemonocolpites facilis, Racemonocolpites racematus, "Retimonocolpites regio" = Arecipites regio, Mauritiidites franciscoi, Longapertites perforatus, Longapertites fossuloides, Longapertites marginatus, Longapertites brasiliensis
Racemonocolpites facilis González-Guzmán 1967 palm
Racemonocolpites racematus Van der Hammen 1954 palm
"Retimonocolpites regio" = Arecipites regio Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001 palm
Mauritiidites franciscoi van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964 palm
Longapertites perforatus González-Guzmán 1967 palm
Longapertites fossuloides González-Guzmán 1967 palm
Longapertites marginatus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964 palm
Longapertites brasiliensis González-Guzmán 1967 palm | |
Proxapertites operculatus Van der Hammen 1956 | |
Papillopollis partialis González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Psilatriletes guaduensis | |
Psilatriletes guaduensis Van der Hammen 1954 | |
Polypodiopsida | |
"Psilamonoletes tibui" = Laevigatosporites tibuensis
"Psilamonoletes tibui" = Laevigatosporites tibuensis Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001 | |
Scabratricolporites | |
Scabratricolpites tibialis González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Ginkgoopsida | |
Ephedripites sp. Bolkhovitina and Potonié 1958 | |
Verrumonoletes usmensoides | |
Verrumonoletes usmensoides Van der Hammen 1956 | |
Striatricolpites | |
Striatricolpites semistriatus González-Guzmán 1967
Striatricolpites catatumbus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Retitricolporites irregularis | |
"Retitricolporites irregularis" = Retitrescolpites irregularis
"Retitricolporites irregularis" = Retitrescolpites irregularis Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001 | |
Retitricolpites saturum | |
"Retitricolpites saturum" = Retitrescolpites saturum
"Retitricolpites saturum" = Retitrescolpites saturum Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001 | |
Retitricolpites magnus | |
"Retitricolpites magnus" = Retitrescolpites magnus
"Retitricolpites magnus" = Retitrescolpites magnus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001 | |
Retibrevitricolpites triangulatus | |
Retibrevitricolpites triangulatus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966 | |
Retibrevitricolpites | |
Retibrevitricolpites catatumbus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Retipollenites confusus | |
Retipollenites confusus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Psilamonocolpites medius | |
Psilamonocolpites medius Van der Hammen 1954 | |
Retistephanoporites angelicus | |
Retistephanoporites angelicus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Verrutricolpites | |
Verrutricolpites irregularis González-Guzmán 1967
Verrutricolpites unicus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Psilastephanocolpites | |
Psilastephanocolpites adinos González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Retistephanocolpites | |
Retistephanocolpites minutus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Retistephanocolpites angeli | |
Retistephanocolpites angeli Leidelmeyer 1966 | |
Foveotricolpites | |
Foveotricolpites pomarius Van der Hammen and Garcia de Mutis 1966
Foveotricolpites genuinus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Psilatricolpites | |
Psilatricolpites minutus, Psilatricolpites brevis, Psilatricolpites acerbus, Psilatricolpites polaroides
Psilatricolpites minutus González-Guzmán 1967
Psilatricolpites brevis González-Guzmán 1967
Psilatricolpites acerbus González-Guzmán 1967
Psilatricolpites polaroides González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Retisyncolporites angularis | |
Retisyncolporites angularis González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Retitricolpites | |
Retitricolpites conciliatus, Retitricolpites antonii, Retitricolpites clarensis, Retitricolpites maledictus, Retitricolpites simplex, Retitricolpites incisus, Retitricolpites maturus, Retitricolpites minutus, Retitricolpites bonus
Retitricolpites conciliatus González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolpites antonii González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolpites clarensis González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolpites maledictus González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolpites simplex González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolpites incisus González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolpites maturus González-Guzmán 1967
Retitricolpites minutus Kedves 1999
Retitricolpites bonus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Scabratriporites | |
Scabratriporites redundans González-Guzmán 1967
Scabratriporites moderatus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Verrutricolporites | |
Verrutricolporites haplites González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Psiladiporites | |
Psiladiporites redundantis González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Rugutricolporites felix | |
Rugutricolporites felix González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Arcotriporites asteroides | |
Arcotriporites asteroides González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Clavainaperturites clavatus | |
Clavainaperturites clavatus Van der Hammen and Wijmstra 1964 | |
Clavainaperturites | |
Clavainaperturites ? cordatus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Pseudostephanocolpites perfectus | |
Pseudostephanocolpites perfectus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Magnatriporites abstractus | |
Magnatriporites abstractus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Semitectotriporites gratus | |
Semitectotriporites gratus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Gemmastephanoporites breviculus | |
Gemmastephanoporites breviculus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Gemmastephanoporites polymorphus | |
Gemmastephanoporites polymorphus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Bacustephanocolpites stereos | |
Bacustephanocolpites stereos González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Echimorphomonocolpites solitarius | |
Echimorphomonocolpites solitarius González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Polotricolporites concretus | |
Polotricolporites concretus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Polotricolporites mocinnii | |
Polotricolporites mocinnii González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Polotricolporites versabilis | |
Polotricolporites versabilis González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Echinoidites problematicus | |
Echinoidites problematicus González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Longitrichotomocolpites triangularis | |
Longitrichotomocolpites triangularis González-Guzmán 1967 | |
Retistephanocolporites | |
Retistephanocolporites festivus González-Guzmán 1967 |