Monticino (Miocene of Italy)

Also known as Brisighella

Where: Ravenna, Italy (44.2° N, 11.8° E: paleocoordinates 44.0° N, 11.6° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Colombacci Formation, Messinian (7.2 - 5.3 Ma)

• Also mentioned as Turolian in an earlier paper. "The fossil remains are preserved within the sediments of the Colombacci Formation, filling paleokarst features affecting the underlying Gessoso-solfifera Formation, and sealed by marine clays of Pliocene Argille Azzurre Formation. Such a geological framework allowed quite a firm chronological attribution for the paleofauna, referred to the latest Messinian, about 5.4 million years ago." - Rook et al (2015)

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: fissure fill; lithology not reported

• "[... superficial paleo-karstic morphologies and a network of tectonic-karst cracks in the gypsum, filled with sediments of the Colombacci Formation, containing important fossil remains of continental vertebrates]" - translated from the Italian (Rook et al, 2015)

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Primary reference: T. Kotsakis, M. Delfino, and P. Piras. 2004. Italian Cenozoic crocodilians: taxa, timing and palaeobiogeographic implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 210:67-87 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 144566: authorized by Philip Mannion, entered by Philip Mannion on 10.05.2013, edited by Terri Cleary, Jonathan Marcot and Evangelos Vlachos

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• Also mentioned by Rook et al (2015): Ruminante di taglia molto piccola [ruminant of very small size], no taxonomy given.
unclassified
  -
Eremiadini indet.2
eight pairs of fused frontals (BRS4/H/23; BRS5bis/H/11; BRS5tg2/H/2; BRS6/H/3; BRS24/H/22; BR2S5/H/87; BRNSoNumber/H/14; BR?S/H/14).
Amphibia
 Temnospondyli - Brachyopidae
"Platyceps planicarinatus" = Platycepsion2
"Platyceps planicarinatus" = Platycepsion2 tetrapod
Three trunk vertebrae (BRS?/H/3, 17- 18).
 Salientia -
Anura indet.2 Fischer von Waldheim 1813 frog
? Discoglossoidea indet.2 Sokol 1977 frog
One atlas (BRS25/H/203); one sacral vertebra (BRS25/H/207).
 Salientia - Bufonidae
Bufonidae indet.2 Gray 1825 toad
Two trunk vertebrae (BRS5bis/H/27; BRS25/H/27); one sacral vertebra (BRS25/H/92); two urostyles (BRS18/H/9; BRS?/H/20); seven humeri (BRS4/H/28; BRS9/H/20; BRS25/H/179; BRS?/H/19).
Bufo viridis1 Laurenti 1768 European green toad
 Salientia - Ranidae
Pelophylax sp.2, "Rana ex gr. ridibunda" = Pelophylax ridibunda1
Pelophylax sp.2 Fitzinger 1843 frog
Three ilia (BRS3/H/3-4; BRS6/H/23).
"Rana ex gr. ridibunda" = Pelophylax ridibunda1 Pallas 1771 frog
 Salientia - Hylidae
cf. Hyla sp.2 Laurenti 1768 tree frog
One ilium (BRS25/H/15).
 Salientia - Pelobatidae
Pelobates sp.2 Wagler 1830 spadefoot toad
Six maxillae (BRS5tg2/H/44; BRS25/H/8, 6,1 411, 132; BR?/SH/7).
 Salientia -
Latonia sp.1 von Meyer 1843 frog
 Caudata - Urodela
Urodela indet.2 salamander
One caudal vertebra (BRS2/H/6); one radius (BRS25/H/244); three ilia (BRS1bis/H/4; BRS25/H/67, 209).
Lissotriton sp.2 Bell 1839 newt
One trunk vertebra (BRS25/H/243).
Mammalia
 Rodentia - Hystricidae
Hystrix depereti1 Sen 2001 porcupine
 Rodentia - Gliridae
Myomimus sp.1 Ognev 1924 dormouse
Muscardinus sp.1 Kaup 1829 dormouse
 Rodentia - Sciuridae
Atlantoxerus cf. rhodius1 de Bruijn et al. 1970 squirrel
Hylopetes sp.1 Thomas 1908 squirrel
 Rodentia - Muridae
Apodemus cf. gudrunae1 van de Weerd 1976 Eurasian field mouse
Stephanomys debruijni n. sp.1 mouse
 Rodentia - Cricetidae
"Cricetus cf. barrierei" = Apocricetus barrierei1, Ruscinomys cf. lasallei1
"Cricetus cf. barrierei" = Apocricetus barrierei1 Mein and Michaux 1970 mouse
Ruscinomys cf. lasallei1 Adrover 1969 mouse
 Lagomorpha - Leporidae
 Lagomorpha - Ochotonidae
 Primates - Cercopithecidae
Mesopithecus cf. pentelicus1 Wagner 1839 monkey
 Theriamorpha - Erinaceidae
"Galerix depereti" = Parasorex depereti1, Mioechinus sp.1
"Galerix depereti" = Parasorex depereti1 Crochet 1986 hedgehog
Mioechinus sp.1 Butler 1948 hedgehog
 Theriamorpha - Soricidae
Miosorex pusilliformis1 Doben-Florin 1964 shrew
 Chiroptera - Hipposideridae
Hipposideros cf. vetus1 roundleaf bat
Asellia cf. mariaetheresae1 Mein 1958 leaf-nosed bat
 Chiroptera - Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus sp.1 Lacépède 1799 horseshoe bat
Rhinolophus cf. kowalskii1 Topál 1979 horseshoe bat
 Chiroptera - Megadermatidae
 Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae
Myotis cf. boyeri1 Mein 1965 vesper bat
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
Hippotherium malpassii1 hipparionine horse
 Artiodactyla - Suidae
 Artiodactyla - Cervidae
Procapreolus sp.1 Schlosser 1929 deer
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Samotragus occidentalis n. sp.1 antelope
cf. Parabos sp.1 Arambourg and Piveteau 1929 antelope
 Carnivora - Felidae
Felis sp.1 Linnaeus 1758 cat
"ex gr. attica-christoli"
 Carnivora - Hyaenidae
 Carnivora - Mustelidae
Mellivora benfieldi1 Hendy 1978 ratel
 Carnivora - Canidae
Eucyon monticinensis n. sp.1 Rook 1992 canine
 Placentalia -
"Squamata indet." = Pholidota2
"Squamata indet." = Pholidota2 Weber 1904 pangolin
 Tubulidentata - Orycteropodidae
Orycteropus cf. gaudryi1 Forsyth Major 1888 aardvark
 Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae
cf. Gomphotheriidae indet.1 Hay 1922 gomphothere
Reptilia
 Testudines -
Testudines indet.2 Batsch 1788 turtle
 Testudines - Testudinidae
Testudo sp.1 Linnaeus 1758 turtle
Two nuchals (MFS.551; BRS25/H/254); two neurals (BRS25/H/255); two undetermined peripherals (MFS.550,2; MFS.550,3); one left peripheral 7 sutured to the peripheral 8 (MFS.550,4); two bridge peripherals 3 or 7 (MFS.537; BRS?/H/26); one suprapygal (BRS?/H/25); two pygals (MFS.549; BRS?/H/27); one entoplastron (BRS?/H/24); one left hyoplastron (MSF.553,2); one right hypoplastron (MSF.553,1); one tibia (BRS25/H/274); 29 limb osteoderms (BRS25/H/3,13, 64, 98, 225, 256, 265, 272, 273; BRS28/H/5).
 Testudines - Geoemydidae
Mauremys sp.2 Gray 1870 pond turtle
One neural (BRS25/H/258); one costal 6 (MSF.70); one entoplastron (BRS25/H/257).
 Serpentes -
 Squamata - Boidae
Eryx cf. jaculus1 true sand boa
One cervical vertebra (BRS25/H/153); 35 trunk vertebrae (BRS2/H/4; BRS4/H/33; BRS5bis/H/15; BRS5tg2/H/26; BRS6/H/9; BRS9/H/10; BRS15/H/3; BRS19/H/4; BRS25/H/151, 156, 198; BRS27/H/17); two articulated trunk vertebrae (BRS25/H/252); 40 caudal vertebrae (BRS4/H/34; BRS4?/H/2; BRS5bis/H/16; BRS5tg2/H/24; BRS6/H/8, 10-11; BRS9/H/8-9; BRS24/H/1; BRS25/H/131, 143, 155, 157-159; BRS28/H/3); two articulated caudal vertebrae (BRS5tg2/H/25); one fragment of vertebra (BRS25/H/152).
 Squamata - Crotalidae
Vipera sp.1 Laurenti 1768 pit viper
Vipera sp.2 Laurenti 1768 pit viper
Thirty-nine trunk vertebrae (BRS5bis/H/14; BRS6/H/19; BRS9/H/16; BRS15/H/2; BRS18/H/10; BRS19/H/3, 22; BRS25/H/220-221, 228, 249); eight fragments ofuntrk ervtebra (B2R5S/H/50, 6, 7 7, 9 842).
 Squamata - Colubridae
Malpolon sp.2 Fitzinger 1826 colubrid snake
one hundred forty anterior trunk vertebrae (BRS1bis/H/8; BRS3/H/10; BRS4/H/32; BRS5bis/H/17, 31; BRS5tg2/H/28, 35; BRS6/H/12-13, 17; BRS9/H/11, 15; BRS15/H/14; BRS16/H/8; BRS18/H/13; BRS19/H/17-18, 21; BRS25/H/52, 88, 144, 150, 188, 192-194, 196, 222, 229, 231, 288; BRS28/H/6; BRS28?/H/6; BRSNoNumber/H/6, 20); nine posterior trunk vertebrae (BRS4/H/35; BRS6/H/18; BRS25/H/29, 189, 195, 197; BRS28/H/19); five fragments of indeterminate trunk vertebra (BRS5bis/H/18-21; BRS25/H/291).
Natrix sp.1 Laurenti 1768 water snake
One trunk vertebra (BRS15/H/1).
cf. Paleoheterodon arcuatus2 Rage and Holman 1984 colubrid snake
One trunk vertebra (BRS25/H/9); one fragment of trunk vertebra (BRS25/H/191).
 Squamata - Lacertidae
Lacertidae indet.1 Bonaparte 1831 squamates
Lacertidae indet.2 Bonaparte 1831 squamates
Four fragmentary maxillae (BRS4?/H/5; BrS24/H/17; BRS28/H/17); one jugal (BRS25/H/187); two dentaries (BRS4/H/21; BRS?/H/13); 22 fragmentary dentaries (BRS4/H/20; BRS5tg2/H/16; BRS8/H/1; BRS18/H/6; BRS19/H/11; BRS24/H/18, 21, 35; BRS25/H/184; BRS27/H/12; BRS28/H/18); four fragmentary dentaries articulated with the splenial (BRS5tg2/H/18; BRS25/H/11, 12, 148); 71 fragments of tooth-bearing bones (BRS4/H/19; BRS4?/H/6; BRS5bis/H/10; BRS5tg2/H/17; BRS8/H/2; BRS15/H/6; BRS16/H/4; BRS18/H/5; BRS19/H/10, 12; BRS24/H/19; BRS25/H/10, 47, 84, 147, 183; BRS27/H/13); two teeth (BRS5tg2/H/1; BRS25/H/48); one fragmentary lower jaw (BRS25/H/251).
 Squamata - Scincidae
Scincidae indet.2 Gray 1825 skink
one fragmentary dentary (BRS25/H/142).
? Scincidae indet.2 Gray 1825 skink
one fragment of tooth-bearing bone (BRS27/H/15).
 Squamata -
Amphisbaenia indet.1 Gray 1844 worm lizard
Amphisbaenia indet.2 Gray 1844 worm lizard
Four trunk vertebrae (BR19/H/1, 2; BRS25/H/17, 86); one fragment of trunk vertebra (BRS25/H/18).
 Squamata - Agamidae
Agaminae indet.2 squamates
Two fragmentary maxillae (BRS25/H/4, 5); one denta ry (MSF 67).
 Squamata - Varanidae
Varanus sp.1 Merrem 1820 monitor lizard
Two teeth (BRS5bis/H/13; BRS6/H/7); two trunk vertebrae (BRS6/H/4; BRS25/H/138); two fragments of trunk vertebrae (BRS25/H/85, 129); two caudal vertebrae (BRS25/H/130; BRS27/H/4); four fragments of vertebrae (BRS6/H/5; BRSNoNumber/H/1-2); one humerus (BRS25/H/128).
 Squamata - Anguidae
Anguinae indet.2 Gray 1825 squamates
Two fragmentary maxillae (BRS5tg2/H/8; BRS24/H/13); two pterygoids (BRS5tg2/H/3, 22); one ectopterygoid (BRS5tg2/H/23); six fragments of tooth-bearing bones (BRS5tg2/H/5; BRS6/H/2; BRS25/H/140); 65 fragments of trunk vertebrae (BRS4/H/5; BRS5bis/H/2; BRS5tg2/H/20; BRS9/H/2; BRS15/H/5; BRS16/H/2; BRS19/H/7; BRS24/H/11; BRS25/H/1, 45, 111, 170-171; BRSNoNumber/H/16); 58 caudal vertebrae (BRS4/H/6; BRS5bis/H/3; BRS5tg2/H/21; BRS16/H/3; BRS19/H/8; BRS24/H/12, 37; BRS25/H/46, 112- 114, 127, 139, 168, 172, 270, 285; BRSNoNumber/H/15); 2737 osteoderms (BRS1bis/H/1; BRS3/H/1; BRS4/H/1-4; BRS5bis/H/1; BRS5tg2/H/27; BRS6/H/1; BRS8/H/5; BRS9/H/1; BRS15/H/4; BRS16/H/1; BRS18/H/1; BRS19/H/6, 9; BRS24/H/8, 23-24; BRS25/H/2, 19, 110, 120, 123-126, 167, 185-186, 233, 237, 246, 275, 293; BRS27/H/1-3; BRS28/H/1-2, 16; BRSNoNumber/H/17; BRS?/H/8-12).
Ophisaurus sp.1 Daudin 1803 glass lizard
One frontal (BRS25/H/160); one parietal (BRS25/H/119); one fragmentary parietal (BRS25/H/121); one fragmentary maxilla (BRS5tg2/H/7); two dentaries (BRS25/H/7, 135); seven fragments of tooth-bearing bone (BRS4/H/22; BRS4?/H/4; BRS5tg2/H/6; BRS25/H/6, 137; BRS27/H/14); 12 teeth (BRS5tg2/H/4; BRS24/H/10; BRS25/H/136, 271); two trunk vertebrae (BRS5bis/H/35; BRS28/H/15).
Pseudopus sp.2 Merrem 1820 legless lizard
Two frontals (BRS25/H/117-118); one fragmentary maxilla (BRS25/H/182); one fragment of toothbearing bone (BRS25/H/122); three trunk vertebrae (BRS24/H/9; BRS25/H/166; BRS28/H/4).
 Crocodylia -
Crocodylia indet. Owen 1842 crocodilian
two isolated teeth
 Loricata -
Crocodylia indet.2 Owen 1842 crocodilian
Two teeth (BRS3/H/2; BRS6/H/6).
Aves
 Accipitriformes - Accipitridae
Accipitridae indet.2 Viellot 1816 hawk
One complete ungueal phalanx (BRS5/ Av/1); two ungueal phalanges with broken tip (BRS25/Av/1; BRS85/Av/1).
 Passeriformes -
Passeriformes indet.2 Linnaeus 1758 perching bird
One distal left humerus (BRS85/Av/2); two proximal left ulnae (BRS25/Av/3; BRS25/Av/4); one proximal right carpometacarpus (BRS25/Av/5); one distal right tarsometatarsus (BRS9/Av/1).
 Neornithes -
Strigiformes indet.2 Wagler 1830 owl
One ungueal phalanx with broken tip (BRS25/Av/2).
 Otidiformes - Otididae
Otididae indet.2 Gray 1840 bird
one distal fragment of a left tibiotarsus (BRS5b/Av/1).
 Galliformes - Phasianidae
Phasianidae indet.2 Horsfield 1821 pheasant
One proximal fragment of left scapula (BRS24/Av/3); one proximal left coracoid (BRS24/Av/1); one shaft of right coracoid (BRS25/Av/6); one distal right humerus (BRS19/ Av/2); one distal left ulna (BRS86/Av/1); one proximal right ulna (BRS24/Av/2); one fragment of proximal left carpometacarpus (BRS4/Av/1); one proximal right carpometacarpus (BRS15/Av/1); two complete left wing phalanges (BRS4/Av/2; BRS5b/Av/2).
Actinopteri
 Acanthuriformes - Sciaenidae
? Sciaenidae indet.2 Cuvier 1828
one partially complete abdominal vertebra (BRS19/F/2).
 Cichliformes - Cichlidae
? Cichlidae indet.2 Heckel 1840 cichlid
One isolated tooth (BRS19/F/1).
 Cyprinodontiformes - Cyprinodontidae
Aphanius crassicaudus2 Agassiz 1839 nono
One abdominal vertebra (BRS2/F/1).
 Life -
Colubroides indet.2 Zaher et al. 2009
Seven trunk vertebrae (BRS25/H/133-134, 89; 2 B27R/SH/11).