Where: New Zealand (45.5° S, 170.2° E: paleocoordinates 50.9° S, 178.0° W)
• coordinate stated in text
When: Spinitricolpites latispinosus pollen zone, Foulden Hills Diatomite Formation, Early/Lower Miocene (23.0 - 16.0 Ma)
• In this paper we present a detailed record of pollen, spores and fresh-water algae from 26 samples from a 183 m long drill core through the biogenic diatomaceous and volcaniclastic sediments of Foulden Maar, providing an unparalleled glimpse into the rich terrestrial biota of early Miocene New Zealand.
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•All samples from 179.78-156.15 m (7 samples).
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•Based on palynology the age of the site is latest uppermost Rhoipites waimumuensis Zone to lower early Proteacidites isopogiformis Zone (New Zealand local stages, late Waitakian–early Otaian, ~23 Ma), agreeing with radiometric dates.
• bed-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: crater lake; lithified diatomite and mudstone
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•All samples from 179.78-156.15 m (7 samples) come from sand-grained mass flow beds reworked from the tephra rim in an early post-eruptive stage.
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•The deep crater formed in Otago Schist basement of Jurassic age and is surrounded by schist and remnants of volcanic plugs, dikes, and flows of the Waipiata Volcanic Field that was active in the area during the early to middle Miocene (Nemeth and White, 2003; Coombs et al., 2008). Foulden Maar contains laminated, biogenically varved diatomite (Lindqvist and Lee, 2009) deposited under a warm temperate to subtropical climatic regime evidenced by the presence of environmentally significant taxa and analysis of leaf morphology (e.g., Pocknall and Mildenhall, 1984; Mildenhall and Pocknall, 1989; Reichgelt et al., 2013).
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•All samples from 179.78-156.15 m (7 samples) come from sand-grained mass flow beds reworked from the tephra rim in an early post-eruptive stage. The lithology show in the column graded mudstone and sandstone with breccia.
Size class: microfossils
Preservation: original sporopollenin
Collected in 2009
Collection methods: chemical,
• All palynology samples taken from the FM2 core have been assigned the NZ FRF number I43/f116 (NZ Map Grid Infomap I43 reference 927162: 45.5300° S, 170.2195° E).
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• In 2009, eight samples were collected at irregular intervals from one of two new drill cores (Foulden Maar 2 FM2) in the diatomite to determine vegetation changes from the time of inception of the lake to the top of the eroded section. Subsequently, a further 18 samples were collected from FM2 to determine the extent of pollen, algal and charcoal distribution detected in the original drill core samples. Finally, a series of eight outcrop samples were collected from alternate dark and light layers towards the top of the sec- tion to investigate whether differences in pollen deposition occurred between suspected summer and winter couplets.
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Primary reference: D. C. Mildenhall, E. M. Kennedy, D. E. Lee, U. Kaulfuss, and J. M. Bannister. 2014. Palynology of the early Miocene Foulden Maar, Otago, New Zealand: Diversity following destruction. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology (204)27-42 [C. Jaramillo/C. Jaramillo]more details
Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis
PaleoDB collection 169164: authorized by Carlos Jaramillo, entered by Carlos Jaramillo on 08.05.2015
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
| unclassified | |
| Algae | |
|
Botryococcus braunii Kutzing 1849 | |
| Ginkgoopsida | |
|
Equisetosporites notensis Romero 1977 | |
| Diporites | |
|
Diporites "n.sp" Van der Hammen 1954 | |
| Dicotyledoneae | |
|
Myrtaceidites mesonesus Cookson and Pike 1954 | |
|
Ericipites longisulcatus heather | |
| Angiospermae | |
|
Nothofagus "Brassospora" Blume 1850 | |
|
Triporopollenites "n. sp." Pflug and Thomson 1953 | |
|
Palaeocoprosmadites zelandiae Pocknall 1982 coffee | |
|
Sparganiaceaepollenites barungensis Harris 1972 | |
| Magnoliopsida | |
|
Haloragacidites harrisii Mildenhall and Harris 1971
Malvacipollis subtilis Stover 1973 | |
Dacrydium type, Microcachrys type, Prumnopitys type, Parvisaccites catastus, Dacrydiumites praecupressinoides
Dacrydium type podocarp
Microcachrys type podocarp
Prumnopitys type podocarp
Parvisaccites catastus Stover and Partridge 1973 podocarp
Dacrydiumites praecupressinoides podocarp | |
| Lycopodiopsida | |
|
Latrobosporites marginis clubmoss
Lycopodium deuterodensum ground pine | |
| Polypodiopsida | |
|
Gleicheniidites senonicus Ross 1949 | |
|
Dictyophyllidites arcuatus Pocknall and Mildenhall 1984 | |