Where: Falkland Islands, South Atlantic (51.4° S, 60.7° W: paleocoordinates 51.5° S, 57.3° W)
• coordinate stated in text
• outcrop-level geographic resolution
When: Middle Miocene to Middle Miocene (16.0 - 3.6 Ma)
• The preferred Middle? Miocene to Early Pliocene age limits are based on presence of the (now) mesotherm to typically megatherm genera Araucaria, Hedyosmum and Ovidia in a type of evergreen rainforest (podocarp-Nothofagus tall closed forest sensu Specht, 1970) that is now confined to relatively cool and uniformly wet climates in southern South America, New Zealand and Tasmania.
•
•Halle (1911: 210−211) subdivided the Forest Bed into two units (layers) based on texture and organic content: Layer C and Layer D.
Environment/lithology: mire or swamp; lithified, massive, yellow claystone
•
•The Forest Bed is sandwiched between Quaternary clays and the Palaeozoic bedrock at the rear of West Point Harbour. No equivalent deposit of densely packed tree remains in an organic mud matrix has been found anywhere else in the Falklands, suggesting that accumulation and long-term preservation of the deposit are the result of highly unusual circumstances. These almost certainly include topographic factors, for example the bay is encircled by steep hills, and the protection afforded to the wood-rich stratum by the overlying stony solifluction clays.
Size class: microfossils
Preservation: original sporopollenin
Collected in 1996 and 1997
Collection methods: chemical, hydroflouric,
• Samples collected in 1996 and 1907 represent Halle's Layers c and d, respectively.
•Slides from Halle's original collection are housed at the Swedish Museum of Natural History (Stockholm).
Primary reference: M. Macphail and D. J. Cantrill. 2006. Age and implications of the Forest Bed, Falkland Islands, southwest Atlantic Ocean: Evidence from fossil pollen and spores. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (240)602-629 [C. Jaramillo/C. Jaramillo]more details
Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis
PaleoDB collection 169356: authorized by Carlos Jaramillo, entered by Carlos Jaramillo on 20.05.2015
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Ginkgoopsida | |
Equisetosporites claricristatus Barreda 1997 | |
Striatocolporites | |
| |
Algae | |
Botryococcus braunii Kutzing 1849 | |
Pteridopsida | |
Monolites alveolatus, Matonisporites ornamentalis, Clavatisporites cf. glarius, Ischyosporites cf. areapunctatis
Monolites alveolatus Couper 1969
Matonisporites ornamentalis Partridge 1973
Ischyosporites cf. areapunctatis Barreda 1997 | |
Polypodiopsida | |
Laevigatosporites ovatus Wilson and Webster 1946 | |
"Triletes tuberculiformis" = Trilites tuberculiformis, "Triletes cf. tuberculiformis" = Trilites tuberculiformis
"Triletes tuberculiformis" = Trilites tuberculiformis Cookson 1947
"Triletes cf. tuberculiformis" = Trilites tuberculiformis Cookson 1947 | |
Baculatisporites cf. comaumensis Potonie 1953 | |
Polypodiisporites inangahuensis Pocknall and Mildenhall 1984
Polypodiisporites radiatus Pocknall and Mildenhall 1984 | |
Lycopsida | |
Foveotriletes palaequetrus Partridge 1973 | |
Pinopsida | |
Cupressacites indet. Bolkhovitina 1956 | |
Podosporites microsaccatus, Microalatidites palaeogenicus, Phyllocladidites mawsonii, Trisaccites sp., Podocarpidites spp., Podocarpidites cf. rugulosus, Lygistepollenites florinii
Podosporites microsaccatus Dettmann 1963 podocarp
Microalatidites palaeogenicus podocarp
Phyllocladidites mawsonii Cookson 1947 podocarp
Trisaccites sp. Menéndez 1968 podocarp
Podocarpidites spp. Cookson 1947 podocarp
Podocarpidites cf. rugulosus Romero 1977 podocarp
Lygistepollenites florinii Stover and Evans 1973 podocarp | |
Magnoliopsida | |
Rhoipites "sp. A" Wodehouse 1933 | |
Angiospermae | |
Nothofagidites cf. brachyspinulosus, Nothofagidites saraensis, Nothofagidites cf. acromegacanthus, Nothofagidites americanus
Nothofagidites cf. brachyspinulosus Harris 1965
Nothofagidites saraensis Menendez and Caccavari 1975
Nothofagidites cf. acromegacanthus Menendez and Caccavari 1975
Nothofagidites americanus Zamaloa 1992 | |
Monosulcites "sp. A" Cookson and Couper 1953 | |
Pseudowinterapollis couperi Mildenhall 1979 magnoliids | |
Dicotyledoneae | |
Ericipites sp. Wodehouse 1933 heather | |
Myrtaceidites sp. Cookson and Pike 1960
Myrtaceidites verrucosus Partridge 1973 | |
Angiospermae | |
Arecipites sp. Nichols et al. 1973 palm | |
Liliacidites cf. lanceolatus Stover 1973 | |
Graminidites sp. Potonie 1960 bamboo | |
Tricolpites reticulatus Couper 1953 | |
Polycolporopollenites esobalteus Pocknall and Mildenhall 1984 knotweed | |
Gothanipollis cf. bassensis Stover 1973 mistletoe | |
Proteacidites "sp. A" Cookson and Couper 1953
Proteacidites "sp. B" Cookson and Couper 1953 | |
Thymelaepollis | |
Thymelaepollis sp. Sah and Kar 1970 | |
Equisetopsida | |
Inaperturopollenites sp. Potonié 1966 | |
Araucariacites australis Cookson 1947 | |
Granodiporites | |