Indian Stronghold (Upper Oreodon) (Oligocene of the United States)

Where: Shannon County, South Dakota (43.3° N, 102.5° W: paleocoordinates 44.3° N, 95.0° W)

• coordinate based on political unit

• local area-level geographic resolution

When: Poleslide Member (Brule Formation), Whitneyan (33.3 - 30.8 Ma)

• member-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: terrestrial

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: X. Wang. 1994. Phylogenetic systematics of the Hesperocyoninae (Carnivora: Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 221:1-207 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 17342: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 18.10.1995

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• this is at Cottonwood Pass or just SE of it
Mammalia
 Perissodactyla - Tapiridae
Colodon sp.2 Marsh 1890 tapir
"northeast of Indian Stronghold on the divide between west Big Corral Draw and Cottonwood Creek from a lower Protoceras channel... upper Oreodon beds or lower Poleslide Member"
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
Equidae indet.3 Gray 1821 horse
"Large"; from upper Oreodon beds in Corral Draw
 Artiodactyla - Merycoidodontidae
"Merycoidodon culbertsoni" = Merycoidodon culbertsonii1
"Merycoidodon culbertsoni" = Merycoidodon culbertsonii1 Leidy 1848 oreodont
 Carnivora - Canidae
Cynodesmus thooides Scott 1893 canid
Big Corral Draw, Shannon Co., "in Nodular Zone, Stronghold unit, lower Poleslide Member"
"Mesocyon" temnodon Wortman and Matthew 1899 canid
NE of Indian Stronghold, top of Upper Oreodon Beds