Where: Grant County, Indiana (40.5° N, 85.8° W: paleocoordinates 40.6° N, 84.5° W)
• coordinate stated in text
When: Late/Upper Hemphillian to Late/Upper Hemphillian (10.3 - 4.9 Ma)
• said to be late Hemphillian to early Blancan
Environment/lithology: terrestrial
Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils
Primary reference: J. O. Farlow, J. A. Sunderman, J. J. Havens, A. L. Swinehart, J. A. Holman, R. L. Richards, N. G. Miller, R. A. Martin, R. M. Hunt, Jr., G. W. Storrs, B. B. Curry, R. H. Fluegeman, M. R. Dawson and M. E. T. Flint. 2001. The Pipe Creek Sinkhole biota, a diverse late Tertiary continental fossil assemblage from Grant County, Indiana. American Midland Naturalist 145(2):367-378 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]more details
PaleoDB collection 18320: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 15.05.2002
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Musci | |
Bryum sp. Hedwig 1801 | |
Dicotyledoneae | |
cf. Lyonia sp. heather | |
Angiospermae | |
Caryophyllales indet. Berchtold and Presl 1820 | |
Polygonum sp. Linnaeus 1753 knotweed
Rumex sp. Linnaeus 1753 dock | |
Boraginaceae indet. de Jussieu 1789 borage | |
"Compositae indet." = Asteraceae, Xanthium sp.
"Compositae indet." = Asteraceae Berchtold and Presl 1820 daisy
Xanthium sp. Linnaeus 1753 cocklebur | |
Platanus occidentalis Linnaeus 1753 plane tree | |
| |
Vitis sp. Linnaeus 1753 grapevine | |
Acer sp. Linnaeus 1753 maple | |
Carya sp. Nuttall 1818 hickory | |
cf. Comptonia sp. L'Héritier de Brutelle 1789 | |
Fagus cf. grandifolia beech | |
Salix sp. Linnaeus 1753 willow
Populus cf. deltoides Marshall 1785 poplar | |
Potentilla sp. Linnaeus 1753 cinquefoil | |
Potamogeton sp. Linnaeus 1753 pondweed | |
Verbena | |
Verbena sp. Linnaeus 1753 | |
Chara sp. Linnaeus 1753 stonewort | |
Actinopteri | |
Amphibia | |
Rana cf. catesbeiana Shaw 1802 American bullfrog | |
Bufo sp. Laurenti 1768 toad | |
Plethodontidae indet. Gray 1850 lungless salamander | |
Mammalia | |
Talpidae indet. Fischer de Waldheim 1817 mole | |
Plionarctos edensis Frick 1926 bear | |
Borophagus sp. Cope 1892 bone-crushing dog
cf. Canis sp. Linnaeus 1758 canine
Vulpes sp. Frisch 1775 fox | |
| |
| |
cf. Aepycamelus sp. Macdonald 1956 camel
cf. Hemiauchenia sp. Gervais and Ameghino 1880 camel | |
Teleoceras sp. Hatcher 1894 rhinoceros | |
Hypolagus cf. fontinalis Dawson 1958 rabbit | |
Symmetrodontomys daamsi n. sp., Pliophenacomys koenigswaldi n. sp., Ogmodontomys pipecreekensis n. sp., Bensonomys hershkovitzi n. sp.
Symmetrodontomys daamsi n. sp. Martin et al. 2002 mouse
Pliophenacomys koenigswaldi n. sp. Martin et al. 2002 mouse
Ogmodontomys pipecreekensis n. sp. Martin et al. 2002 mouse
Bensonomys hershkovitzi n. sp. Martin et al. 2002 mouse | |
| |
Geomys cf. adamsi Hibbard 1967 pocket gopher | |
Spermophilus sp. Cuvier 1825 ground squirrel
Spermophilus howelli Hibbard 1941 ground squirrel | |
Reptilia | |
Thamnophis sp., Nerodia sp., Nerodia cf. erythrogaster, Paleoheterodon tiheni, Paracoluber storei, Coluber constrictor, Elaphe sp.
Thamnophis sp. Fitzinger 1843 garter snake
Nerodia sp. Baird and Girard 1853 water snake
Nerodia cf. erythrogaster Clark 1903 plain-bellied water snake
Paleoheterodon tiheni Holman 1964 colubrid snake
Paracoluber storei colubrid snake
Coluber constrictor Linnaeus 1758 black racer
Elaphe sp. Wagler 1833 colubrid snake | |
Hesperotestudo sp. Williams 1950 turtle | |
Chrysemys cf. picta Schneider 1783 painted turtle
Trachemys cf. scripta Schoepff 1792 slider
Emydoidea cf. blandingii Holbrook 1838 Blanding's turtle | |
Chelydra cf. serpentina Linnaeus 1758 Common snapping turtle | |
Aves | |
| |
Gastropoda | |
Gastropoda indet. Cuvier 1795 snail | |
Insecta | |
Coleoptera indet. Linnaeus 1758 beetle | |
Ostracoda | |
Candona cf. crogmaniana ostracod
Candona aff. elliptica ostracod | |
Cypridopsis aff. okeechobei ostracod
Cypridopsis cf. vidua ostracod |