PBDB Collection

Toledo Bend (Miocene of the United States)

Where: Newton County, Texas (31.0° N, 93.4° W: paleocoordinates 31.6° N, 88.9° W)

• coordinate based on political unit

When: upper Carnahan Bayou Member (Fleming Formation), Aquitanian (23.0 - 20.4 Ma)

Environment/lithology: coarse channel fill; conglomerate

• conglomerate likely from episode of violent flood mixing (Albright, 1999)

• Paleochannel conglomerate (Albright, 1999)

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collection methods: bulk, surface (float), sieve,

Primary reference: L. B. Albright. 1991. The vertebrate paleontology, taphonomy, and paleoecology of a new early Miocene site in the Fleming Formation near Toledo Bend Dam. Newton County, Texas, and its importance to Gulf Coastal Plain biostratigraphy. 1-319 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 18663: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 18.02.1993

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• preliminary and highly inaccurate list published by Manning 1990
small mammals described by Albright 1996
"approximately 700 elements referred to mammals": Albright 1998b

Show authors, comments, and common names

Amphibia
Caudata -	Caudata indet.⁸ Caudata indet.⁸ salamander
Proteida - Batrachosauroididae	Batrachosauroides sp.¹ Batrachosauroides sp.¹ Taylor and Hesse 1943 salamander
Reptilia
Crocodylia - Alligatoridae	Alligator olseni¹ Alligator olseni¹ White 1942 alligator LSUMG V-2255, tooth; V-2698, approximately 180 teeth; V-2732, figured tooth; V-2733, two premaxillary fragments; V-2734, six maxillae fragments; V-2735, five nasal fragments; V-2736, three frontal fragments; V-2737, two frontoparietal fragments; V-2738, two parietal fragments; V-2739, post orbital fragment; V-2740, three squamosal fragments; V-2741, left posterior quadrate; V-2742, quadrate fragment; V-2743, quadrate-quadratojugal fragment; V-2744, quadratojugal fragment; V-2745, jugal fragment; V-2746, seven anterior dentary fragments; V-2747, figured right anterior dentary fragment; V-2748, articular fragment; V-2749, 22 lower jaw fragments; V-2750, vertebrae and vertebrae fragments; V-2751, femur; V-2752, five femur fragments; V-2753, proximal right humerus; V-2754, distal humerus; V-2755, proximal right tibia; V-2756, limb bone fragments; V-2757, three metapodials; V-2758, proximal phalanx; V-2759, claw fragment; V-2760, 63 dermal scutes; V-2761, two neck scutes; V-2762, six juvenile scutes
Crocodylia -	Gavialosuchus sp.¹ Gavialosuchus sp.¹ Toula and Kail 1885 crocodilian SUMG V-2247, anterior tooth; V-2517, five teeth
Squamata - Boidae	Erycinae indet.¹ Erycinae indet.¹ Bonaparte 1825 sand boa
Squamata - Aniliidae	Anilioides cf. nebraskensis¹ Anilioides cf. nebraskensis¹ Holman 1976 pipe snake
Squamata -	? Peltosaurus sp.¹ ? Peltosaurus sp.¹ Cope 1873 squamates
Testudines - Emydidae	Emydidae indet.¹ Emydidae indet.¹ Rafinesque 1815 turtle
Testudines - Testudinidae	Geochelone sp.¹ Geochelone sp.¹ Fitzinger 1835 turtle
Testudines - Trionychidae	Trionychini indet.¹ Trionychini indet.¹ Gray 1825 softshell turtle
Testudines - Kinosternoidea	Dermatemys sp.¹ Dermatemys sp.¹ Gray 1847 Central American river turtle
Mammalia
Insectivora -	Insectivora indet. Insectivora indet. Bowdich 1821 insectivoran
Carnivora - Mustelidae	Mustelidae indet., Mustelidae indet.⁷ Mustelidae indet. Fischer 1817 mustelid carnivore Mustelidae indet.⁷ Fischer 1817 mustelid carnivore
Carnivora - Amphicyonidae	Daphoenodon notionastes Daphoenodon notionastes Frailey 1979 bear-dog
Perissodactyla - Equidae	Miohippus sp., "Anchippus texanus" = Desmatippus texanus Miohippus sp. Marsh 1874 anchitheriine horse possibly, but probably not Archaeohippus blackbergi instead: Albright 1998b "Anchippus texanus" = Desmatippus texanus Leidy 1868 anchitheriine horse
Perissodactyla - Chalicotheriidae	Moropus cf. oregonensis⁶ Moropus cf. oregonensis⁶ Leidy 1873 chalicothere
Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae	Diceratherium annectens, Diceratherium armatum, Gulfoceras westfalli n. sp.⁴ Diceratherium annectens Marsh 1873 rhinoceros Diceratherium armatum Marsh 1875 rhinoceros Gulfoceras westfalli n. sp.⁴ Albright 1999 rhinoceros
Perissodactyla - Tapiridae	Nexuotapirus marslandensis⁵ Nexuotapirus marslandensis⁵ Schoch 1984 tapir
Artiodactyla - Anthracotheriidae	Arretotherium acridens Arretotherium acridens Douglass 1902 anthracothere
Artiodactyla - Entelodontidae	Dinohyus sp.⁵ Dinohyus sp.⁵ Peterson 1905 even-toed ungulate
Artiodactyla - Tayassuidae	"? Cynorca sociale" = Marshochoerus socialis, ? Floridachoerus olseni⁴, ? Hesperhys sp.³ "? Cynorca sociale" = Marshochoerus socialis Marsh 1875 peccary ? Floridachoerus olseni⁴ White 1941 peccary ? Hesperhys sp.³ Douglass 1903 peccary not the same as "H. cf. pinensis"
Artiodactyla - Camelidae	Nothokemas sp.⁴ Nothokemas sp.⁴ White 1947 camel
Artiodactyla - Protoceratidae	Prosynthetoceras orthrionanus n. sp.⁴, ? Prosynthetoceras texanus Prosynthetoceras orthrionanus n. sp.⁴ Albright 1999 protoceratid ? Prosynthetoceras texanus Hay 1924 protoceratid
Artiodactyla - Hypertragulidae	Nanotragulus sp.³ Nanotragulus sp.³ Lull 1922 ruminant
Rodentia -	Texomys sp. Texomys sp. Slaughter 1981 rodent
Rodentia - Sciuridae	? Protospermophilus sp. ? Protospermophilus sp. Gazin 1930 squirrel
Rodentia - Castoridae	Neatocastor hesperus² Neatocastor hesperus² Douglass 1902 beaver
Rodentia - Heteromyidae	Proheteromys sabinensis n. sp.², Proheteromys toledoensis n. sp.² Proheteromys sabinensis n. sp.² Albright 1996 rodent Proheteromys toledoensis n. sp.² Albright 1996 rodent
Rodentia - Eomyidae	Eomyidae indet. Eomyidae indet. Winge 1887 rodent
Actinopteri
Centrarchiformes - Centrarchidae	Micropterus sp.¹ Micropterus sp.¹ Lacépède 1802 black bass
Acanthomorphata - Centropomidae	? Centropomus sp.¹ ? Centropomus sp.¹ Lacépède 1802
Siluriformes - Ictaluridae	Ictalurus ? punctatus¹ Ictalurus ? punctatus¹ Rafinesque 1818 catfish
Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae	Lepisosteus sp.¹, Atractosteus spatula¹ Lepisosteus sp.¹ Agassiz 1843 gar Atractosteus spatula¹ gar

¹Albright 1994; ²Albright 1996; ³Albright 1998; ⁴Albright 1999; ⁵Alroy 2002; ⁶Coombs et al. 2001; ⁷Hayes 2000; ⁸Parmley et al. 2007