Balof sites, New Ireland (Pleistocene to of Papua New Guinea)

Where: Papua New Guinea (2.9° S, 151.4° E: paleocoordinates 2.9° S, 151.4° E)

• coordinate estimated from map

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Late/Upper Pleistocene to Late/Upper Pleistocene (0.1 - 0.0 Ma)

• The deposits at Balof 1 are ~1 m deep and substantially reworked by oven pits dug in recent centuries. Deposits at Balof 2 are ~2 m deep and relatively undisturbed, as corroborated by a sequence of 14C dates. Both sites are as old as 14,000 B.P. but were occupied only intermittently.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: sinkhole; siliciclastic sediments

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: D. W. Steadman, J. P. White, and J. Allen. 1999. Prehistoric birds from New Ireland, Papua New Guinea: extinctions on a large Melanesian island. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96:2563-2568 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]more details

Purpose of describing collection: archaeological analysis

PaleoDB collection 194694: authorized by Matthew Clapham, entered by Matthew Clapham on 26.06.2018

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Aves
 Galliformes - Megapodiidae
Megapodius "n. sp." Gaimard 1823 scrubfowl
Megapodius eremita Hartlaub 1868 Melanesian scrubfowl
 Galliformes - Phasianidae
"Coturnix chinensis" = Synoicus chinensis
"Coturnix chinensis" = Synoicus chinensis Linnaeus 1766 blue-breasted quail
 Bucerotiformes - Bucerotidae
"Aceros plicatus" = Rhyticeros plicatus
"Aceros plicatus" = Rhyticeros plicatus Forster 1781 Blyth's hornbill
 Caprimulgiformes - Apodidae
Collocalia esculenta Linnaeus 1758 glossy swiftlet
 Passeriformes -
Passeriformes "indet. 3" Linnaeus 1758 perching bird
large songbird
Passeriformes "indet. 5" Linnaeus 1758 perching bird
medium songbird
 Passeriformes - Sturnidae
Mino dumontii Lesson 1827 yellow-faced myna
 Passeriformes - Corvidae
Corvus sp. Linnaeus 1758 crow
 Gruiformes - Rallidae
Rallidae indet. Vigors 1825 rail
medium rail
Gallirallus "n. sp." Lafresnaye 1841 rail
Gallirallus philippensis Linnaeus 1766 buff-banded rail
Porphyrio "n. sp." Brisson 1760 rail
cf. Rallina tricolor Gray 1858 red-necked crake
"Amaurornis olivaceus" = Amaurornis olivacea Meyen 1834 plain bush-hen
 Coraciiformes - Alcedinidae
Alcedo atthis Linnaeus 1758 common kingfisher
 Cuculiformes - Cuculidae
Cuculidae indet. Leach 1820 cuckoo
Centropus sp. Illiger 1811 cuckoo
 Psittaciformes - Psittaculidae
Charmosyna sp. Wagler 1832 parrot
 Psittaciformes - Cacatuidae
cf. Cacatua sp. Vieillot 1817 cockatoo
 Columbiformes - Columbidae
Ducula sp. Hodgson 1836 imperial pigeon
Columba sp. Linnaeus 1758 dove
Caloenas nicobarica Linnaeus 1758 Nicobar pigeon
Ptilinopus sp. Swainson 1825 fruit dove
Macropygia amboinensis Linnaeus 1766 Amboyna cuckoo-dove
Macropygia nigrirostris Salvadori 1876 black-billed cuckoo-dove
"Gallicolumba beccarii" = Alopecoenas beccarii Salvadori 1876 bronze ground-dove
 Strigiformes - Strigidae
"Ninox cf. solomonis" = Ninox variegata
"Ninox cf. solomonis" = Ninox variegata Quoy and Gaimard 1830 Bismarck boobook
 Strigiformes - Tytonidae
Tyto "sp. 2" Billberg 1828 barn owl
 Accipitriformes - Accipitridae
Haliastur indus Boddaert 1783 brahminy kite
Accipiter "sp. 2" Brisson 1760 hawk
medium goshawk
Accipiter novaehollandiae Gmelin 1788 gray goshawk