PBDB Collection

Skull Ridge (Miocene of the United States)

Where: Santa Fe County, New Mexico (35.5° N, 106.2° W: paleocoordinates 36.1° N, 103.1° W)

• coordinate based on political unit

When: Skull Ridge Member (Tesuque Formation), Early/Lower Barstovian (16.3 - 12.5 Ma)

Environment/lithology: terrestrial; lithology not reported

Size class: macrofossils

Reposited in the AMNH

Primary reference: R. H. Tedford. 1981. Mammalian biochronology of the late Cenozoic basins of New Mexico. Geological Society America Bulletin 92 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 19547: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 27.09.1993, edited by Jonathan Marcot and Mark Uhen

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• includes White Operation Quarry (see), but list is quite different
FT on zircon dates, in Ma:
No. 2 white ash: 14.6 +/- 1.2
No. 4 white ash: 14.1 +/- 1.1
second date on No. 4 ash (Izett & Naeser 1986): 12.7 +/- 1.4
No. 4 white ash redated at 15.42 +/- 0.06 Ma (SCLF Ar-Ar on sanidine) by McIntosh and Quade 1995; No. 3 white ash dated at 15.65 +/- 0.065 Ma according to Quade (1999 personal communication); White Operation Quarry is "just below" the No. 4 ash according to McIntosh and Quade
No. 2 ash redated at 15.59 +/- 0.07 Ma (SCLF AA on sanidine): Kuhle and Smith 2001
underlies Pojoaque Mbr.
"Cosoryx ilfonsensis" of Frick 1937 is omitted by Tedford and Barghoorn 1993

Show authors, comments, and common names

Aves
Accipitriformes - Accipitridae	Palaeoborus umbrosus² Palaeoborus umbrosus² Cope 1874 Old World vulture
Mammalia
Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae	Teleoceras brachyrhinum n. sp.¹⁰, Aphelops megalodus¹⁰, Peraceras profectum¹⁰ Teleoceras brachyrhinum n. sp.¹⁰ Prothero 2005 rhinoceros Aphelops megalodus¹⁰ Cope 1873 rhinoceros includes "Tesque Locality" and "Skull Ridge" from ""Skull Ridge Member" Peraceras profectum¹⁰ Matthew 1899 rhinoceros
Perissodactyla - Equidae	"Merychippus isonesus" = Acritohippus isonesus, "Merychippus cf. intermontanus" = Scaphohippus intermontanus, Anchitheriinae indet.¹⁴, Hypohippus cf. pertinax¹⁴, Megahippus sp.¹⁴ "Merychippus isonesus" = Acritohippus isonesus Cope 1889 horse said to be "close to" isonesus "Merychippus cf. intermontanus" = Scaphohippus intermontanus Merriam 1915 horse Anchitheriinae indet.¹⁴ Leidy 1869 anchitheriine horse "unnamed genus close to Anchitherium"; presumably includes "Anchitherium sp." Hypohippus cf. pertinax¹⁴ Matthew 1918 anchitheriine horse Megahippus sp.¹⁴ McGrew 1938 anchitheriine horse "small"
Artiodactyla - Palaeomerycidae	Dromomeryx borealis¹² Dromomeryx borealis¹² Cope 1877 ruminant
Artiodactyla - Moschidae	Blastomeryx gemmifer¹¹ Blastomeryx gemmifer¹¹ Cope 1874 musk deer
Artiodactyla - Antilocapridae	Cosoryx ilfonsensis³, Merycodus sp.¹⁴ Cosoryx ilfonsensis³ Frick 1937 pronghorn F:AM 31437 Merycodus sp.¹⁴ Leidy 1854 pronghorn
Artiodactyla - Merycoidodontidae	Brachycrus siouense⁶, Merychyus sp. Brachycrus siouense⁶ Sinclair 1915 oreodont Merychyus sp. Leidy 1858 oreodont see Schultz and Falkenbach 1947: "Lower... 'Santa Fe Beds'"
Artiodactyla - Camelidae	Australocamelus sp.¹⁴, Rakomylus raki⁴, Paramiolabis minutus⁹, Nothotylopus sp.¹⁴, Miolabis sp.¹⁴, Aepycamelus sp.¹⁴, Michenia sp.¹⁴, Protolabis sp.¹⁴ Australocamelus sp.¹⁴ Patton 1969 camel Rakomylus raki⁴ Frick 1937 camel Paramiolabis minutus⁹ Pagnac 2005 camel Nothotylopus sp.¹⁴ Patton 1969 camel Miolabis sp.¹⁴ Hay 1899 camel Aepycamelus sp.¹⁴ Macdonald 1956 camel Michenia sp.¹⁴ Frick and Taylor 1971 camel Protolabis sp.¹⁴ Cope 1876 camel
Carnivora - Canidae	Cynarctoides acridens¹⁷, Tomarctus hippophaga¹⁷, Tomarctus brevirostris¹⁷, Psalidocyon marianae n. sp.¹⁷, Microtomarctus cf. conferta¹⁴, Paracynarctus kelloggi¹⁷, Leptocyon leidyi¹⁵, Osbornodon fricki n. sp.¹⁶ Cynarctoides acridens¹⁷ Barbour and Cook 1914 bone-crushing dog "Tesuque Grant, Skull Ridge Member... Santa Fe County" Tomarctus hippophaga¹⁷ Matthew and Cook 1909 bone-crushing dog "Southeast of White Operation Wash"; "Cuyamunque"; "One mi north of White Operation" Tomarctus brevirostris¹⁷ Cope 1873 bone-crushing dog "Skull Ridge"; "Third District" Psalidocyon marianae n. sp.¹⁷ Wang et al. 1999 bone-crushing dog "southeast of White Operation, Skull Ridge Member... Sante Fe County" Microtomarctus cf. conferta¹⁴ Matthew 1918 bone-crushing dog Paracynarctus kelloggi¹⁷ Merriam 1911 bone-crushing dog "Cuyamunque"; "Tesuque"; "east of Tesuque"; "east of Tesuque Fault"; "west of Tesuque, Tesuque Boundary wash, light band east of Tesuque Fault"; "1 mi east of Cuyamunque"; and "5 ft below Ash A in block no. 3 south of Arroyo Seco, Skull Ridge" Leptocyon leidyi¹⁵ Tedford et al. 2009 canine Osbornodon fricki n. sp.¹⁶ Wang 1994 canid from Skull Ridge N of Pojoaque Church and S of Arroyo Seco
Carnivora - Amphicyonidae	Amphicyon ingens, "Amphicyon sinapius" = Cynelos sinapius Amphicyon ingens Matthew 1924 bear-dog "Amphicyon sinapius" = Cynelos sinapius Matthew 1902 bear-dog
Carnivora - Ursidae	Plithocyon sp.⁵ Plithocyon sp.⁵ Ginsburg 1955 bear said to be new; "Hemicyon sp."
Carnivora - Procyonidae	Bassariscus cf. parvus¹ Bassariscus cf. parvus¹ Hall 1927 ringtail "west of Cuyamunque"; "southeast of White Operation"; "Third District"; "Skull Ridge" (sensu stricto); "west of highway and north of boundary of Pojoaque Grant, above #4 white ash"; "J Rak wash, 25 feet above ash F"
Theriamorpha - Erinaceidae	Metechinus amplior¹³, Untermannerix copiosus¹³ Metechinus amplior¹³ Rich 1981 hedgehog Skull Ridge Untermannerix copiosus¹³ Rich 1981 hedgehog South Skull Ridge, Skull Ridge Mbr.
Rodentia - Heteromyidae	"Cupidinimus cf. kleinfelderi" = Perognathoides kleinfelderi⁷ "Cupidinimus cf. kleinfelderi" = Perognathoides kleinfelderi⁷ Storer 1970 rodent "Skull Ridge Member, east of Three Sisters Buttes"
Rodentia - Mylagaulidae	Notogaulus major⁸, Notogaulus minor⁸, Ceratogaulus robustus n. sp.⁸, Alphagaulus vetus⁸ Notogaulus major⁸ Korth 2013 rodent Notogaulus minor⁸ Korth 2013 rodent Ceratogaulus robustus n. sp.⁸ Korth 2013 rodent Alphagaulus vetus⁸ Matthew 1924 rodent

¹Baskin 2004; ²Becker 1987; ³Frick 1937; ⁴Frick and Taylor 1968; ⁵Hunt 1998; ⁶Kelly and Lander 1988; ⁷Korth 1998; ⁸Korth 2013; ⁹Pagnac 2005; ¹⁰Prothero 2005; ¹¹Prothero 2008; ¹²Prothero and Liter 2008; ¹³Rich 1981; ¹⁴Tedford and Barghoorn 1993; ¹⁵Tedford et al. 2009; ¹⁶Wang 1994; ¹⁷Wang et al. 1999