PBDB Collection

Big Springs Gravel Pit ( of the United States)

Also known as UNSM Ap-103

Where: Antelope County, Nebraska (42.4° N, 98.2° W: paleocoordinates 42.5° N, 97.6° W)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Long Pine Formation, Blancan (4.9 - 1.8 Ma)

• fossiliferous unit is 3 m thick

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: "floodplain"; sandy siltstone

• "overbank accumulation"

• "sandy silt"

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Reposited in the UNSM

Collection methods: bulk, surface (in situ), sieve,

Primary reference: M. R. Voorhies. 1987. Fossil armadillos in Nebraska: the northernmost record. Southwestern Naturalist 32(2):237-243 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis

PaleoDB collection 19954: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 18.02.1993, edited by Jonathan Marcot

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• FT glass date of "approximately" 2.5 Ma from fossiliferous unit

•Voorhies' list is almost strictly genus level, hence some corrections are based on earlier references

Show authors, comments, and common names

Mammalia
Proboscidea - Mammutidae	Mammut sp. Mammut sp. Blumenbach 1799 mastodon
Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae	Stegomastodon sp. Stegomastodon sp. Pohlig 1912 gomphothere
Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae	Lasiurus sp.³ Lasiurus sp.³ Gray 1831 hairy-tailed bat a bat
Cingulata - Dasypodidae	Dasypus bellus Dasypus bellus Simpson 1929 beautiful armadillo
Megatherioidea - Megalonychidae	Megalonyx sp. Megalonyx sp. Harlan 1825 edentate
Perissodactyla - Equidae	Equus sp. Equus sp. Linnaeus 1758 horse
Perissodactyla - Tapiridae	Tapirus sp. Tapirus sp. Brisson 1762 tapir
Artiodactyla - Antilocapridae	Capromeryx sp. Capromeryx sp. Matthew 1902 pronghorn
Artiodactyla - Camelidae	Hemiauchenia sp., Titanotylopus sp., Camelops sp., Gigantocamelus spatulus¹ Hemiauchenia sp. Gervais and Ameghino 1880 camel Titanotylopus sp. Barbour and Schultz 1934 camel presumably OK as Gigantocamelus is also listed Camelops sp. Leidy 1854 camel Gigantocamelus spatulus¹ Cope 1893 camel
Carnivora - Felidae	Homotherium sp.¹ Homotherium sp.¹ Fabrini 1890 cat
Carnivora - Mustelidae	Trigonictis sp., Mustela sp. Trigonictis sp. Hibbard 1941 mustelid carnivore Mustela sp. Linnaeus 1758 weasel
Carnivora - Mephitidae	Buisnictis sp. Buisnictis sp. Hibbard 1950 skunk
Carnivora - Procyonidae	Bassariscus sp. Bassariscus sp. Coues 1887 ringtail
Carnivora - Canidae	Canis lepophagus⁵, Canis edwardii⁵, Borophagus diversidens¹ Canis lepophagus⁵ Johnston 1938 canine Canis edwardii⁵ Gazin 1942 canine Borophagus diversidens¹ Cope 1892 bone-crushing dog
Lagomorpha - Leporidae	Hypolagus furlongi¹, Hypolagus voorhiesi¹, Lepus cf. californicus⁶, Alilepus sp.⁶ Hypolagus furlongi¹ Gazin 1934 rabbit Hypolagus voorhiesi¹ White 1988 rabbit Lepus cf. californicus⁶ Gray 1837 black-tailed jackrabbit Alilepus sp.⁶ Dice 1931 rabbit
Rodentia - Geomyidae	Geomys sp. Geomys sp. Rafinesque 1817 pocket gopher
Rodentia - Cricetidae	Arvicolinae indet.¹, Ondatra sp., Loupomys sp., Guildayomys hibbardi n. sp.¹, Hibbardomys marthae n. sp.¹, Hibbardomys voorhiesi n. sp.¹, Pliophenacomys osborni⁷ Arvicolinae indet.¹ Gray 1821 vole Ondatra sp. Link 1795 muskrat Loupomys sp. Koenigswald and Martin 1984 mouse Guildayomys hibbardi n. sp.¹ Zakrzewski 1984 mouse Hibbardomys marthae n. sp.¹ Zakrzewski 1984 mouse Hibbardomys voorhiesi n. sp.¹ Zakrzewski 1984 mouse Pliophenacomys osborni⁷ Martin 1972 mouse
Reptilia
Squamata - Scincidae	Eumeces cf. striatulatus⁴ Eumeces cf. striatulatus⁴ skink
Squamata - Colubridae	Thamnophis proximus⁴, Thamnophis radix⁴, Thamnophis sirtalis⁴, Rhinocheilus lecontei⁴, Heterodon platyrhinos⁴, Heterodon nasicus⁴, Masticophis flagellum⁴, Elaphe vulpina⁴, Elaphe guttata⁴, Coluber constrictor⁴, Lampropeltis calligaster⁴, Lampropeltis getulus⁴, Lampropeltis triangulum⁴, Regina grahami⁴, Nerodia sp.⁴ Thamnophis proximus⁴ garter snake Thamnophis radix⁴ garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis⁴ Linnaeus garter snake Rhinocheilus lecontei⁴ colubrid snake Heterodon platyrhinos⁴ Latreille 1801 eastern hognosed snake Heterodon nasicus⁴ Baird and Girard 1852 western hognose snake Masticophis flagellum⁴ whip snake Elaphe vulpina⁴ Baird and Girard 1853 fox snake Elaphe guttata⁴ Linnaeus 1766 corn snake Coluber constrictor⁴ Linnaeus 1758 black racer Lampropeltis calligaster⁴ Harlan 1827 prairie kingsnake Lampropeltis getulus⁴ Linnaeus 1766 kingsnake Lampropeltis triangulum⁴ Lacépède 1788 milk snake Regina grahami⁴ crayfish snake Nerodia sp.⁴ Baird and Girard 1853 water snake sipedon or hibbardi
Squamata - Crotalidae	Sistrurus catenatus⁴, Agkistrodon cf. contortix⁴, Crotalus horridus⁴ Sistrurus catenatus⁴ pigmy rattlesnake Agkistrodon cf. contortix⁴ cottonmouth Crotalus horridus⁴ Linnaeus 1758 timber rattlesnake
Squamata - Iguanidae	Phrynosoma cornutum⁴ Phrynosoma cornutum⁴ horned lizard
Testudines - Trionychidae	Trionychidae indet.² Trionychidae indet.² Gray 1825 softshell turtle
Testudines - Emydidae	Emydoidea blandingii⁴, Graptemys sp.⁴, Chrysemys picta⁴ Emydoidea blandingii⁴ Holbrook 1838 Blanding's turtle Graptemys sp.⁴ Agassiz 1857 map turtle Chrysemys picta⁴ Schneider 1783 painted turtle
Testudines - Testudinidae	"Geochelone oelrichi" = Hesperotestudo turgida⁴ "Geochelone oelrichi" = Hesperotestudo turgida⁴ Cope 1892 turtle
Amphibia
Salientia - Ranidae	Rana sp.⁴ Rana sp.⁴ Linnaeus 1758 frog "blairi or R. pipiens or R. utricularia"
Salientia - Bufonidae	Bufo cognatus⁴, Bufo repentinus⁴, Bufo rexroadensis⁴, Bufo cf. spongifrons⁴ Bufo cognatus⁴ toad Bufo repentinus⁴ toad Bufo rexroadensis⁴ toad Bufo cf. spongifrons⁴ toad
Caudata - Urodela	Ambystoma tigrinum⁴ Ambystoma tigrinum⁴ Green 1825 tiger salamander

¹Alroy 2002; ²Alroy 2006; ³Czaplewski et al. 1999; ⁴Rogers 1984; ⁵Tedford et al. 2009; ⁶White 1991; ⁷Zakrzewski 1984