PBDB Collection

Leisey Shell Pit 1A (Pleistocene of the United States)

Where: Hillsborough County, Florida (27.7° N, 82.5° W: paleocoordinates 27.7° N, 82.3° W)

• coordinate stated in text

When: Bermont Formation, Irvingtonian (1.8 - 0.3 Ma)

• said to be early Irvingtonian

Environment/lithology: estuary or bay; unlithified sandstone and unlithified siltstone

• "shallow coastal mangrove-lined bay located adjacent to, or at the mouth of a river"

• "unconsolidated, poorly sorted... fine-grained sand, silt, and dark brown mud" with many mollusc, vertebrate, and plant fossils

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collection methods: quarrying

Primary reference: R. C. Hulbert, Jr. and G. S. Morgan. 1989. Stratigraphy, paleoecology, and vertebrate fauna of the Leisey Shell Pit Local Fauna, early Pleistocene (Irvingtonian) of southwestern Florida. Papers in Florida Paleontology 2:1-19 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/P. Wagner]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 20400: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 18.02.1993, edited by Richard Hulbert and Mark Uhen

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• entirely within a reversed polarity interval: MacFadden 1995

•Sr isotope date of 2.08 +/- 0.56 Ma: Jones et al. 1995

•contrary to MacFadden 1995, above evidence could place this not only in C1r.1r but also in C2r or C2r.1r; mammal biochronology is compatible with either of the former two

•date could be narrowed to C1r.1r, following MacFadden, by assuming that 1) Leisey 1A and 3A are in the same chron, and 2) the Sr dates are reliable despite the 0.75 Ma discrepancy between them; I find these assumptions to be mutually contradictory

•there are "over 15,000" vertebrate specimens, "the majority of which are from Leisey 1A" (Morgan and Hulbert 1995); 15.3% of specimens in a test square were mammalian (Pratt and Hulbert 1995), suggesting that about 2300 mammalian specimens come from this site

•from Leisey Shell Pit, exact locality unknown: Eremotherium eomigrans De Iulis and Cartelle 1999

•"Panthera cf. onca" is omitted by Berta 1995

•Nerodia sp. and cf. Coluber sp. are listed by Hulbert and Morgan, but are from other Leisey collections according to Meylan 1995

•only the most common molluscs are listed and genus names of other marine invertebrates are not given

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	Hyalopyrgus aequicostatus, Plantae indet. Hyalopyrgus aequicostatus Plantae indet. Haeckel 1866 black mangrove roots
Angiospermae
Mesangiosperms - Arecaceae	Sabal palmetto Sabal palmetto Walter 1788 palm seeds
unclassified
-	Porifera indet. Porifera indet. Grant 1836 boring sponge
Anthozoa
Hexacorallia -	Scleractinia indet. Scleractinia indet. Bourne 1900 stony coral two species
Echinoidea
-	Echinoidea indet. Echinoidea indet. Leske 1778 sea urchin
Chondrichthyes
Carcharhiniformes - Carcharhinidae	Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, Carcharhinus sp., Carcharhinus leucas, Negaprion brevirostris Rhizoprionodon terraenovae sharpnose shark Carcharhinus sp. de Blainville 1816 requiem shark small Carcharhinus leucas Valenciennes 1839 requiem shark Negaprion brevirostris Poey 1868 lemon shark
Carcharhiniformes - Hemigaleidae	Hemipristis serra Hemipristis serra Agassiz 1835 ground shark
Carcharhiniformes - Galeocerdidae	"Galeocerdo cuvieri" = Galeocerdo cuvier "Galeocerdo cuvieri" = Galeocerdo cuvier Peron and LeSueur 1822 tiger shark
Lamniformes - Carchariidae	"Odontaspis taurus" = Carcharias taurus "Odontaspis taurus" = Carcharias taurus Rafinesque 1810 sand shark
Lamniformes - Lamnidae	Carcharodon carcharias, "Isurus hastalis" = Carcharodon hastalis Carcharodon carcharias Linnaeus 1758 great white shark "Isurus hastalis" = Carcharodon hastalis Agassiz 1838 white shark
Orectolobiformes - Ginglymostomatidae	Ginglymostoma cirratum Ginglymostoma cirratum Gmelin 1789 nurse shark
Rhinopristiformes - Pristidae	Pristis sp. Pristis sp. Linck 1790 sawfish
Myliobatiformes - Dasyatidae	Dasyatis sp. Dasyatis sp. Rafinesque 1810 whiptail stingray
Myliobatiformes - Myliobatidae	Myliobatis sp. Myliobatis sp. Cuvier 1816 eagle ray
Actinopteri
Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae	Lepisosteus sp., Atractosteus spatula Lepisosteus sp. Agassiz 1843 gar Atractosteus spatula Lacepede 1803 gar
Elopiformes - Megalopidae	Megalops atlanticus Megalops atlanticus Valenciennes 1847
Mugiliformes - Mugilidae	Mugil sp. Mugil sp. Linnaeus 1758
Carangiformes - Carangidae	Caranx hippos Caranx hippos
Acanthomorphata - Centropomidae	Centropomus sp. Centropomus sp. Lacépède 1802
Perciformes - Sparidae	Archosargus sp., Lagodon rhomboides Archosargus sp. Gill 1865 perch-like fish Lagodon rhomboides Linnaeus 1766 perch-like fish
Acanthuriformes - Sciaenidae	Pogonias cromis Pogonias cromis Cope 1869 black drum
Tetraodontiformes - Balistidae	Balistes sp. Balistes sp. Linnaeus 1758
Tetraodontiformes - Diodontidae	Diodon sp. Diodon sp. Linnaeus 1758
Centrarchiformes - Centrarchidae	Lepomis sp. Lepomis sp. Rafinesque 1819 sunfish
Labriformes - Labridae	Labridae indet. Labridae indet. Cuvier 1816
Siluriformes - Ictaluridae	Ictalurus sp. Ictalurus sp. Rafinesque 1820 catfish
Istiophoriformes - Sphyraenidae	Sphyraena barracuda Sphyraena barracuda Edwards 1771 barracuda
Reptilia
Squamata - Colubridae	cf. Elaphe obsoleta⁷, cf. Thamnophis sp.⁷ cf. Elaphe obsoleta⁷ Say 1823 black rat snake cf. Thamnophis sp.⁷ Fitzinger 1843 garter snake
Squamata - Crotalidae	cf. Agkistrodon piscivorous⁷, cf. Crotalus adamanteus⁷ cf. Agkistrodon piscivorous⁷ Lacépède cottonmouth cf. Crotalus adamanteus⁷ Palisot de Beauvois 1799 eastern diamondback rattlesnake
Squamata - Anguidae	Ophisaurus compressus⁷ Ophisaurus compressus⁷ Cope 1900 island glass lizard
Aves
Charadriiformes - Recurvirostridae	Recurvirostra sp.⁶ Recurvirostra sp.⁶ Linnaeus 1758 avocet
Falconiformes - Vulturoidae	Teratornis merriami⁶ Teratornis merriami⁶ Miller 1909 Merriam's teratorn
Gaviiformes - Gaviidae	Gavia concinna⁶ Gavia concinna⁶ Wetmore 1940 loon
Suliformes - Phalacrocoracidae	Phalacrocorax sp.⁶ Phalacrocorax sp.⁶ Brisson 1760 cormorant large species
Ciconiiformes - Ciconiidae	Ciconia maltha⁶ Ciconia maltha⁶ Miller 1910 asphalt stork
Pelecaniformes - Ardeidae	"Casmerodius albus" = Ardea alba⁶, Egretta cf. tricolor⁶ "Casmerodius albus" = Ardea alba⁶ Linnaeus 1758 great egret Egretta cf. tricolor⁶ Statius Muller 1776 tricolor heron
Pelecaniformes - Pelecanidae	Pelecanus cf. erythrorhynchos⁶ Pelecanus cf. erythrorhynchos⁶ Gmelin 1789 American white pelican
Pelecaniformes - Threskiornithidae	Eudocimus leiseyi n. sp.⁶, "Ajaia chione n. sp." = Platalea⁶ Eudocimus leiseyi n. sp.⁶ Emslie 1995 ibis "Ajaia chione n. sp." = Platalea⁶ spoonbill
Phoenicopteriformes - Phoenicopteridae	Phoenicopterus copei⁶, Phoenicopterus ruber⁶ Phoenicopterus copei⁶ Shufeldt 1891 flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber⁶ Linnaeus 1758 American flamingo
Cathartiformes - Cathartidae	Gymnogyps kofordi n. sp.⁵ Gymnogyps kofordi n. sp.⁵ Emslie 1988 condor
Strigiformes - Strigidae	Bubo virginianus⁶ Bubo virginianus⁶ Gmelin 1788 great horned owl
Gruiformes - Rallidae	Fulica americana⁶, Rallus sp.⁶ Fulica americana⁶ Gmelin 1789 American coot Rallus sp.⁶ Linnaeus 1758 rail
Podicipediformes - Podicipedidae	Podiceps sp.⁶, Podilymbus podiceps⁶ Podiceps sp.⁶ Latham 1787 grebe Podilymbus podiceps⁶ Linnaeus 1758 pied-billed grebe
Anseriformes - Anatidae	Cygnus buccinator⁶, Branta dickeyi⁶, Branta canadensis⁶, Anas platyrhynchos⁶, Anas crecca⁶, Anabernicula gracilenta⁶, Mergus sp.⁶, Bucephala albeola⁶, Somateria cf. spectabilis⁶, Aythya marila⁶, Aythya americana⁶, Aythya collaris⁶, Aythya affinis⁶, "Anas americana" = Mareca americana⁶ Cygnus buccinator⁶ Richardson 1832 trumpeter swan Branta dickeyi⁶ Miller 1924 goose Branta canadensis⁶ Linnaeus 1758 Canada goose Anas platyrhynchos⁶ Linnaeus 1758 mallard Anas crecca⁶ Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian teal Anabernicula gracilenta⁶ Ross 1935 dabbling duck Mergus sp.⁶ Linnaeus 1758 merganser Bucephala albeola⁶ Linnaeus 1758 bufflehead Somateria cf. spectabilis⁶ Linnaeus 1758 king eider Aythya marila⁶ Linnaeus 1761 greater scaup Aythya americana⁶ Eyton 1838 redhead Aythya collaris⁶ Donovan 1809 ring-necked duck Aythya affinis⁶ Eyton 1838 lesser scaup "Anas americana" = Mareca americana⁶ Gmelin 1789 American wigeon
Accipitriformes - Accipitridae	Buteo sp.⁶, Aquila sp.⁶ Buteo sp.⁶ de Lacepède 1799 hawk Aquila sp.⁶ Linnaeus 1758 eagle
Reptilia
Crocodylia - Alligatoridae	Alligator mississippiensis Alligator mississippiensis Daudin 1801 American alligator
Testudines - Kinosternoidea	Kinosternon sp. Kinosternon sp. von Spix 1824 mud turtle
Testudines - Chelydridae	"Chelydra floridana" = Chelydra serpentina¹⁰, "Macroclemys temmincki" = Macrochelys temminckii "Chelydra floridana" = Chelydra serpentina¹⁰ Linnaeus 1758 snapping turtle replaces record of "Macroclemys temmincki" "Macroclemys temmincki" = Macrochelys temminckii Troost 1835 Alligator snapping turtle
Testudines - Emydidae	Pseudemys sp.⁷, Terrapene carolina, Trachemys scripta Pseudemys sp.⁷ Gray 1856 cooter Terrapene carolina Linnaeus 1758 common box turtle Trachemys scripta Schoepff 1792 slider
Testudines - Testudinidae	Hesperotestudo crassicutata⁷, Hesperotestudo mlynarskii⁷, Gopherus polyphemus Hesperotestudo crassicutata⁷ turtle Hesperotestudo mlynarskii⁷ turtle "incisa-group" Gopherus polyphemus Daudin 1802 Florida gopher tortoise
Testudines - Cheloniidae	cf. Caretta caretta⁷ cf. Caretta caretta⁷ Linnaeus 1758 loggerhead sea turtle
Testudines - Trionychidae	Apalone ferox Apalone ferox Schneider 1783 Florida softshell turtle
Mammalia
Cingulata - Dasypodidae	Dasypus bellus Dasypus bellus Simpson 1929 beautiful armadillo
Cingulata - Pampatheriidae	Holmesina cf. floridanus Holmesina cf. floridanus Robertson 1976 edentate
Cingulata - Pachyarmatheriidae	Pachyarmatherium leiseyi n. sp.⁴ Pachyarmatherium leiseyi n. sp.⁴ Downing and White 1995 edentate
Megatherioidea - Nothrotheriidae	"Nothrotheriops texanus" = Nothrotherium texanum¹ "Nothrotheriops texanus" = Nothrotherium texanum¹ Hay 1916 edentate
- Mylodontidae	Paramylodon harlani² Paramylodon harlani² Owen 1840 Harlan's ground sloth
Proboscidea - Elephantidae	Mammuthus hayi¹¹ Mammuthus hayi¹¹ Barbour 1915 mammoth
Proboscidea - Mammutidae	Mammut americanum Mammut americanum Kerr 1792 American mastodon
Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae	Cuvieronius tropicus¹¹ Cuvieronius tropicus¹¹ Cope 1884 gomphothere
Rodentia - Castoridae	"Castoroides leiseyorum n. sp." = Castoroides dilophidus⁸ "Castoroides leiseyorum n. sp." = Castoroides dilophidus⁸ Martin 1969 giant beaver
Rodentia - Geomyidae	Geomys pinetis Geomys pinetis Rafinesque 1817 southeastern pocket gopher
Rodentia - Hydrochoeridae	"Hydrochaeridae indet." = Hydrochoeridae⁸ "Hydrochaeridae indet." = Hydrochoeridae⁸ Gill 1872 caviomorph
Rodentia - Cricetidae	"Pedomys sp." = Microtus⁸, Sigmodon libitinus⁸ "Pedomys sp." = Microtus⁸ Schrank 1798 vole Sigmodon libitinus⁸ Martin 1979 cotton rat
Lagomorpha - Leporidae	Lepus cf. townsendii⁸, cf. Sylvilagus sp. Lepus cf. townsendii⁸ Bachman 1839 white-tailed jackrabbit cf. Sylvilagus sp. Gray 1867 cottontail rabbit possibly S. floridanus according to Morgan and White 1995
Carnivora - Canidae	Canis armbrusteri, Canis edwardii, Urocyon cinereoargenteus³ Canis armbrusteri Gidley 1913 canine Canis edwardii Gazin 1942 canine Urocyon cinereoargenteus³ Schreber 1775 gray fox
Carnivora - Ursidae	Arctodus pristinus Arctodus pristinus Leidy 1854 bear
Carnivora - Procyonidae	Procyon lotor³ Procyon lotor³ Linnaeus 1758 raccoon
Carnivora - Mustelidae	Lontra canadensis³ Lontra canadensis³ Schreber 1776 North American river otter
Carnivora - Phocidae	"Monachus tropicalis" = Neomonachus tropicalis³ "Monachus tropicalis" = Neomonachus tropicalis³ Gray 1850 Hawaiian monk seal
Carnivora - Felidae	Homotherium sp., Smilodon gracilis, Lynx rufus² Homotherium sp. Fabrini 1890 cat Smilodon gracilis Cope 1880 saber-toothed cat Lynx rufus² Schreber 1777 bobcat
Perissodactyla - Tapiridae	"Tapirus haysii" = Tapirus (Helicotapirus) haysii "Tapirus haysii" = Tapirus (Helicotapirus) haysii Leidy 1860 tapir
Perissodactyla - Equidae	Equus sp., Equus leidyi, Equus cf. fraternus Equus sp. Linnaeus 1758 horse said to be new; E. (Hemionus) according to Hulbert 1995b Equus leidyi Hay 1913 horse Equus cf. fraternus Leidy 1858 horse
Artiodactyla - Camelidae	Hemiauchenia macrocephala, Palaeolama mirifica⁹ Hemiauchenia macrocephala Cope 1893 camel Palaeolama mirifica⁹ Simpson 1929 stout-legged llama
Artiodactyla - Cervidae	Odocoileus virginianus Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann 1780 white-tailed deer
Artiodactyla - Tayassuidae	Platygonus cf. vetus, Mylohyus cf. fossilis² Platygonus cf. vetus Leidy 1882 peccary Mylohyus cf. fossilis² Leidy 1860 peccary
Amphibia
Caudata - Urodela	Siren sp. Siren sp. Linnaeus 1766 siren
Salientia - Ranidae	cf. Rana sp. cf. Rana sp. Linnaeus 1758 frog
Salientia - Bufonidae	Bufo terrestris Bufo terrestris Bonnaterre 1789 Southern toad
Deuteropoda
-	Malacostraca indet. Malacostraca indet. Latreille 1802 "two crabs"
Cirripedia
-	Cirripedia indet. Cirripedia indet. barnacle
Bryozoa
-	Bryozoa indet. Bryozoa indet. Ehrenberg 1831
Gastropoda
Heterostropha - Physidae	Physella sp. Physella sp. Haldeman 1849 snail
Heterostropha - Planorbidae	Planorbella scalaris Planorbella scalaris snail
Bivalvia
Ostreida - Ostreidae	Ostrea sp. Ostrea sp. Linnaeus 1758 oyster
Carditida - Carditidae	Carditamera floridana Carditamera floridana Conrad 1838 clam
Cardiida - Veneridae	Chione cancellata Chione cancellata Linnaeus 1767 venus clam
Polychaeta
-	Polychaeta indet. Polychaeta indet. Grube 1850

¹Akersten and McDonald 1991; ²Alroy 2002; ³Berta 1995; ⁴Downing and White 1995; ⁵Emslie 1988; ⁶Emslie 1995; ⁷Meylan 1995; ⁸Morgan and White 1995; ⁹Pratt and Hulbert 1995; ¹⁰Thomas et al. 2014; ¹¹Webb and Dudley 1995