PBDB Collection

Rock Springs (Pleistocene) (Pleistocene of the United States)

Also known as Rock Spring

Where: Orange County, Florida (28.7° N, 81.5° W: paleocoordinates 28.7° N, 81.5° W)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Late/Upper Pleistocene (0.1 - 0.0 Ma)

• said to be Sangamonian

Environment/lithology: estuary or bay; argillaceous sandstone

• "probably... a sluggish depositing stream, possibly subjected to tidal flow" (Woolfenden 1959)

• "bone-bearing, argillaceous sands represent an old channel fill overlying the Ocala limestone, which is exposed in portions of the stream bed" (Woolfenden 1959)

Size class: macrofossils

Collected by H. J. Gut, J. Mann, J. Todd, G. Lintner in 1939; reposited in the FLMNH

Primary reference: S. D. Webb. 1974. Chronology of Florida Pleistocene mammals. In S. D. Webb (ed.), Pleistocene Mammals of Florida 5-31 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 20636: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 26.03.1995, edited by Mark Uhen and Richard Hulbert

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• said to be Sangamonian by Webb and late Rancholabrean by Morgan and Seymour 1997; by their definition this includes the Sangamonian

Show authors, comments, and common names

Mammalia
Soricomorpha - Soricidae	Blarina cf. carolinensis⁶ Blarina cf. carolinensis⁶ Bachman 1837 southern short-tailed shrew
Carnivora - Procyonidae	Procyon lotor Procyon lotor Linnaeus 1758 raccoon
Carnivora - Ursidae	Ursus americanus, Tremarctos floridanus Ursus americanus Pallas 1780 black bear Tremarctos floridanus Gidley 1928 Florida cave bear
Carnivora - Felidae	Puma concolor⁴, "Leopardus amnicola" = Leopardus wiedii⁵ Puma concolor⁴ Linnaeus 1771 puma "Leopardus amnicola" = Leopardus wiedii⁵ Schinz 1821 margay
Carnivora - Canidae	"Canis dirus" = Aenocyon dirus, Urocyon cinereoargenteus⁶ "Canis dirus" = Aenocyon dirus Leidy 1858 dire wolf confirmed by Nowak 1979 Urocyon cinereoargenteus⁶ Schreber 1775 gray fox
Artiodactyla - Tayassuidae	Mylohyus nasutus⁶, Platygonus compressus Mylohyus nasutus⁶ Leidy 1868 peccary Platygonus compressus Leconte 1848 peccary
Artiodactyla - Camelidae	"Tanupolama mirifica" = Palaeolama mirifica⁶ "Tanupolama mirifica" = Palaeolama mirifica⁶ Simpson 1929 stout-legged llama
Artiodactyla - Cervidae	Odocoileus virginianus Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann 1780 white-tailed deer
Artiodactyla - Bovidae	Bison sp. Bison sp. Hamilton-Smith 1827 bison
Cetacea - Delphinidae	cf. Tursiops sp.⁶ cf. Tursiops sp.⁶ Gervais 1855 dolphin
Perissodactyla - Tapiridae	"Tapirus veroensis" = Tapirus (Helicotapirus) veroensis³ "Tapirus veroensis" = Tapirus (Helicotapirus) veroensis³ Sellards 1918 tapir original ID T. veroensis (Woolfenden 1959)
Perissodactyla - Equidae	Equus sp.⁷ Equus sp.⁷ Linnaeus 1758 horse
Lagomorpha - Leporidae	Sylvilagus sp.⁶ Sylvilagus sp.⁶ Gray 1867 cottontail rabbit
Rodentia - Cricetidae	cf. Sigmodon sp.⁶ cf. Sigmodon sp.⁶ Say and Ord 1825 cotton rat
Rodentia - Castoridae	Castor canadensis⁶ Castor canadensis⁶ Kuhl 1820 American beaver
Rodentia - Geomyidae	Geomys pinetis⁶, Thomomys orientalis³, Thomomys cf. orientalis⁶ Geomys pinetis⁶ Rafinesque 1817 southeastern pocket gopher Thomomys orientalis³ Simpson 1928 pocket gopher Thomomys cf. orientalis⁶ Simpson 1928 pocket gopher
- Mylodontidae	cf. Glossotherium sp.⁶ cf. Glossotherium sp.⁶ Owen 1840 edentate
Cingulata - Dasypodidae	Dasypus bellus⁶ Dasypus bellus⁶ Simpson 1929 beautiful armadillo
Cingulata - Pampatheriidae	Holmesina septentrionalis¹ Holmesina septentrionalis¹ Leidy 1889 edentate
Chiroptera - Phyllostomidae	"Mormoops megalophylla" = Mormoops megaphylla "Mormoops megalophylla" = Mormoops megaphylla Peters 1864 leaf-nosed bat a bat
Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae	Myotis austroriparius⁶ Myotis austroriparius⁶ Rhoads 1897 vesper bat
Sirenia - Trichechidae	Trichechus manatus Trichechus manatus Linnaeus 1758 manatee subspecies bakerorum: see Domning 2005
Proboscidea - Mammutidae	Mammut americanum⁷ Mammut americanum⁷ Kerr 1792 American mastodon
Proboscidea - Elephantidae	Mammuthus sp. Mammuthus sp. Brookes 1828 mammoth
Reptilia
Galliformes - Phasianidae	Meleagris gallopavo⁷ Meleagris gallopavo⁷ Linnaeus 1758 wild turkey
Aves
Anseriformes - Anatidae	"Anas discors" = Spatula discors⁷, Aix sponsa⁷, Aythya collaris⁷, Aythya affinis⁷, "Anas carolinensis" = Anas crecca carolinensis⁷, Anas fulvigula⁷, Anas acuta⁷, Mergus serrator⁷ "Anas discors" = Spatula discors⁷ Linnaeus 1766 blue-winged teal Aix sponsa⁷ Linnaeus 1758 wood duck Aythya collaris⁷ Donovan 1809 ring-necked duck Aythya affinis⁷ Eyton 1838 lesser scaup "Anas carolinensis" = Anas crecca carolinensis⁷ Gmelin 1789 green-winged teal Anas fulvigula⁷ Ridgway 1874 mottled duck Anas acuta⁷ Linnaeus 1758 northern pintail Mergus serrator⁷ Linnaeus 1758 red-breasted merganser
Passeriformes - Corvidae	Corvus ossifragus⁷ Corvus ossifragus⁷ Wilson 1812 fish crow
Passeriformes - Cardinalidae	"Richmondena cardinalis" = Cardinalis cardinalis⁷ "Richmondena cardinalis" = Cardinalis cardinalis⁷ Linnaeus 1758 northern cardinal
Gruiformes - Gruidae	"Grus canadensis" = Antigone canadensis⁷ "Grus canadensis" = Antigone canadensis⁷ Linnaeus 1758 Sandhill crane
Gruiformes - Aramidae	Aramus guarauna⁷ Aramus guarauna⁷ Linnaeus 1762 limpkin
Gruiformes - Rallidae	"Fulica minor" = Fulica americana shufeldti⁷, Gallinula chloropus⁷ "Fulica minor" = Fulica americana shufeldti⁷ Brodkorb 1964 American coot Gallinula chloropus⁷ Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian moorhen
Coraciiformes - Alcedinidae	Megaceryle alcyon⁷ Megaceryle alcyon⁷ Linnaeus 1758 belted kingfisher
Piciformes - Picidae	"Dendrocopos borealis" = Picoides borealis⁷ "Dendrocopos borealis" = Picoides borealis⁷ Vieillot 1809 red-cockaded woodpecker
Columbiformes - Columbidae	Ectopistes migratorius⁷ Ectopistes migratorius⁷ Linnaeus 1758 passenger pigeon
Strigiformes - Strigidae	Strix varia⁷ Strix varia⁷ Barton 1799 barred owl
Podicipediformes - Podicipedidae	Podilymbus podiceps⁷, Podiceps auritus⁷ Podilymbus podiceps⁷ Linnaeus 1758 pied-billed grebe Podiceps auritus⁷ Linnaeus 1758 horned grebe
Ciconiiformes - Ciconiidae	Ciconia maltha⁷ Ciconia maltha⁷ Miller 1910 asphalt stork
Suliformes - Anhingidae	Anhinga anhinga⁷ Anhinga anhinga⁷ Linnaeus 1766 anhinga
Suliformes - Phalacrocoracidae	Phalacrocorax auritus⁷ Phalacrocorax auritus⁷ Lesson 1831 double-crested cormorant
Pelecaniformes - Ardeidae	Nycticorax nycticorax⁷, Botaurus lentiginosus⁷, Ardea herodias⁷, "Casmerodius albus" = Ardea alba⁷ Nycticorax nycticorax⁷ Linnaeus 1758 black-crowned night heron Botaurus lentiginosus⁷ Rackett 1813 American bittern Ardea herodias⁷ Linnaeus 1758 great blue heron "Casmerodius albus" = Ardea alba⁷ Linnaeus 1758 great egret
Pelecaniformes - Threskiornithidae	"Ajaia ajaja" = Platalea ajaja⁷ "Ajaia ajaja" = Platalea ajaja⁷ Linnaeus 1758 roseate spoonbill
Gaviiformes - Gaviidae	Gavia immer⁷ Gavia immer⁷ Brunnich 1764 Common loon
Cathartiformes - Cathartidae	Coragyps atratus⁷ Coragyps atratus⁷ Bechstein 1793 black vulture
Charadriiformes - Scolopacidae	Limnodromus scolopaceus⁷ Limnodromus scolopaceus⁷ Say 1822 long-billed dowitcher
Charadriiformes - Laridae	Larus sp.⁷ Larus sp.⁷ Linnaeus 1758 gull
Accipitriformes - Accipitridae	Buteo jamaicensis⁷, Haliaeetus leucocephalus⁷ Buteo jamaicensis⁷ Gmelin 1788 red-tailed hawk Haliaeetus leucocephalus⁷ Linnaeus 1766 bald eagle
Accipitriformes - Pandionidae	Pandion haliaetus⁷ Pandion haliaetus⁷ Linnaeus 1758 osprey
Reptilia
Squamata - Polychrotidae	Anolis carolinensis² Anolis carolinensis² Voight 1832 green anole

¹Alroy 2002; ²Auffenberg 1956; ³Morgan 1991; ⁴Morgan and Seymour 1997; ⁵Werdelin 1985; ⁶Wilkins 1983; ⁷Woolfenden 1959