PBDB Collection

East Turkana - Area 104 - KBS (Pleistocene to of Kenya)

Also known as ETE Locality 178, Area 104-KBS,

Where: Kenya (4.0° N, 36.3° E: paleocoordinates 3.9° N, 36.1° E)

• basin-level geographic resolution

When: KBS Member (Koobi Fora Formation), Gelasian to Gelasian (2.6 - 0.8 Ma)

• ETE dating method: absolute, ETE age comment: KBS and Okote tuffs radiometric intage_min

Environment/lithology: fluvial-lacustrine; sandstone

• ETE sed env 1: fluv_lacustr, ETE sed env 2: . ETE event: ., ETE env comment: complex fluvial

• ETE rock type adj: ., ETE lithology comments: mudstone, caliche, bioclastic nature

Size class: macrofossils

Collection methods: surface (in situ)

• ETE Size: .; ETE reference list: 122, 121, 88, ; ETE museum list: NATIONAL MUSEUMS OF KENYA

Primary reference: J. M. Harris. 1983. Koobi Fora Research Project The Fossil Ungulates: Proboscidea, Perissodactyla, Suidae. Clarendon Press, Oxford, United Kingdom 2 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/V. Egerton]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 21370: authorized by Anna Behrensmeyer, entered by Anna Behrensmeyer on 05.02.1993, edited by Victoria Egerton

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	Sindacharax sp.¹⁰, Labeo sp.¹¹ Sindacharax sp.¹⁰ Labeo sp.¹¹
Mammalia
Primates - Hominidae	Hominidae indet.⁹, "Australopithecus boisei" = Paranthropus boisei⁹, "Australopithecus cf. boisei" = Paranthropus boisei⁹, Homo sp.⁹, Homo aff. erectus⁹ Hominidae indet.⁹ Gray 1825 ape Hominidae gen. et sp. indet. "Australopithecus boisei" = Paranthropus boisei⁹ Leakey 1959 australopithecine "Australopithecus cf. boisei" = Paranthropus boisei⁹ Leakey 1959 australopithecine Homo sp.⁹ Linnaeus 1758 human Homo aff. erectus⁹ Dubois 1892 human
Primates - Cercopithecidae	Cercopithecoides kimeui¹⁰ Cercopithecoides kimeui¹⁰ Leakey 1982 monkey
Perissodactyla - Equidae	Hipparion cf. ethiopicum², Hipparion sp.², Equus sp.², Equus koobiforensis² Hipparion cf. ethiopicum² hipparionine horse Hipparion sp.² de Christol 1832 hipparionine horse Hipparion sp. B Equus sp.² Linnaeus 1758 horse Equus koobiforensis² horse
Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae	Diceros bicornis⁵ Diceros bicornis⁵ Linnaeus 1758 black rhinoceros
Artiodactyla - Hippopotamidae	"Hexaprotodon karumensis" = Hippopotamus karumensis⁶, Hippopotamus gorgops⁶ "Hexaprotodon karumensis" = Hippopotamus karumensis⁶ Coryndon 1977 hippo Hippopotamus gorgops⁶ Dietrich 1928 hippo
Artiodactyla - Giraffidae	Giraffa sp.⁷, Giraffa stillei⁷, Giraffa pygmaea⁷, Giraffa jumae⁷ Giraffa sp.⁷ Brisson 1762 giraffe Giraffa stillei⁷ Arambourg 1947 giraffe Giraffa pygmaea⁷ Harris 1976 giraffe Giraffa jumae⁷ Leakey 1967 giraffe
Artiodactyla - Bovidae	cf. Aepyceros sp.⁸, Aepyceros melampus⁸, Raphicerus sp.⁸, Alcelaphini indet.⁸, Alcelaphini indet.⁸, Damaliscus eppsi⁸, Megalotragus isaaci⁸, Parmularius cf. angusticornis⁸, Reduncini indet.⁸, Kobus ellipsiprymnus⁸, Kobus kob⁸, Kobus sigmoidalis⁸, Kobus cf. leche⁸, Menelikia lyrocera⁸, "Damaliscus cf. niro" = Hippotragus niro⁸, Pelorovis oldowayensis⁸, Pelorovis turkanensis⁸, Tragelaphini indet.⁸, Tragelaphini indet.⁸, Tragelaphus strepsiceros⁸, aff. Tragelaphus strepsiceros⁸, Gazella sp.⁸, Gazella cf. janenschi⁸ cf. Aepyceros sp.⁸ Sundevall 1847 impala Aepyceros melampus⁸ Lichtenstein 1812 impala Raphicerus sp.⁸ Smith 1827 antelope Alcelaphini indet.⁸ Brookes 1876 antelope Medium-sized Alcelaphini dentitions Alcelaphini indet.⁸ Brookes 1876 antelope Small Alcelaphini dentitions Damaliscus eppsi⁸ Harris 1991 antelope Megalotragus isaaci⁸ antelope Parmularius cf. angusticornis⁸ Schwarz 1937 antelope Reduncini indet.⁸ Knottnerus-Meyer 1907 antelope Reduncini gen. and sp. indet. Kobus ellipsiprymnus⁸ Ogilby 1833 waterbuck Kobus kob⁸ Erxleben 1777 kob Kobus sigmoidalis⁸ Arambourg 1941 antelope Kobus cf. leche⁸ Gray 1850 antelope Menelikia lyrocera⁸ Arambourg 1941 antelope "Damaliscus cf. niro" = Hippotragus niro⁸ Hopwood 1936 antelope Pelorovis oldowayensis⁸ Reck 1928 antelope Pelorovis turkanensis⁸ Harris 1991 antelope Tragelaphini indet.⁸ Blyth 1863 antelope ETE number of identifiable specimens; species: Tragelaphini Tragelaphini indet.⁸ Blyth 1863 antelope Tragelaphini gen. and sp. indet. Tragelaphus strepsiceros⁸ Pallas 1766 greater kudu aff. Tragelaphus strepsiceros⁸ Pallas 1766 greater kudu "Tragelaphus aff. T. strepsiceros maryanus" Gazella sp.⁸ Blaineville 1816 gazelle Gazella cf. janenschi⁸ gazelle
Artiodactyla - Suidae	Kolpochoerus limnetes⁴, Metridiochoerus andrewsi⁴, Metridiochoerus hopwoodi⁴ Kolpochoerus limnetes⁴ Hopwood 1926 pig Metridiochoerus andrewsi⁴ Hopwood 1926 pig Metridiochoerus hopwoodi⁴ Leakey 1958 pig
Theriamorpha - Sivatheridae	"Sivatherium maurusium" = Libytherium maurusium⁷ "Sivatherium maurusium" = Libytherium maurusium⁷ Pomel 1893 placental
Proboscidea - Deinotheriidae	Deinotherium bozasi³ Deinotherium bozasi³ Arambourg 1934 deinothere
Proboscidea - Elephantidae	"Elephas recki" = Palaeoloxodon recki¹, "Elephas recki" = Palaeoloxodon recki¹, "Elephas recki" = Palaeoloxodon recki¹ "Elephas recki" = Palaeoloxodon recki¹ Dietrich 1915 elephant E. recki atavus "Elephas recki" = Palaeoloxodon recki¹ Dietrich 1915 elephant E. recki ileretensis "Elephas recki" = Palaeoloxodon recki¹ Dietrich 1915 elephant E. recki subsp. indet.
Cladistia
Polypteriformes - Polypteridae	Polypterus sp.¹⁰ Polypterus sp.¹⁰ Lacépède 1803 bichir
Actinopteri
Characiformes - Alestidae	Hydrocynus sp.¹⁰ Hydrocynus sp.¹⁰ Cuvier 1816
Cypriniformes - Cyprinidae	Barbus sp.¹¹ Barbus sp.¹¹ Cuvier and Cloquet 1816 carp-like fish
Chondrichthyes
Myliobatiformes - Dasyatidae	Dasyatis africana¹⁰ Dasyatis africana¹⁰ Dartevelle and Casier 1959 whiptail stingray ETE occurrence; species: A-E.Turkana
Adenota
-	"Antidorcas recki" = Adenota recki⁸ "Antidorcas recki" = Adenota recki⁸ Schwartz 1932

¹Beden 1983; ²Eisenmann 1983; ³Harris 1983; ⁴Harris 1983; ⁵Harris 1983; ⁶Harris 1991; ⁷Harris 1991; ⁸Harris 1991; ⁹Isaac 1997; ¹⁰Leakey 1982; ¹¹Schwartz 1983