PBDB Collection

Chiwondo Beds - Unit 3A (Pliocene to of Malawi)

Also known as ETE Locality 1147, Chiwondo Beds - Unit 3A,

Where: Malawi (10.2° S, 34.0° E: paleocoordinates 10.3° S, 33.7° E)

When: Chiwondo Formation, Pliocene to Pliocene (5.3 - 0.0 Ma)

• ETE dating method: time_unit, ETE age comment: Max age = 8.6;Min age=3.76-2.0 Ma for Unit 3A

Environment/lithology: lagoonalgraded

• ETE sed env 1: fluv_lacustr, ETE sed env 2: lagoon ETE event: ., ETE env comment: mean riv/swamp/delta/lag

• ETE rock type adj: ., ETE lithology comments: grav/ss/conglom/calc mdst&sltst

Collection methods: surface (in situ)

• ETE Size: macro; ETE reference list: 926, ; ETE museum list: BMNH: British Museum (Natural History), UCMP: University of California Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley

Primary reference: F. Schrenk, T. G. Bromage, C. G. Betzler, U. Ring, and Y. M. Juwayeyi. 1993. Oldest Homo and Pliocene biogeography of the Malawi Rift. Nature 365:833-836 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Uhen]more details

PaleoDB collection 22323: authorized by Anna Behrensmeyer, entered by Anna Behrensmeyer on 05.08.1999

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

Mammalia
Proboscidea - Elephantidae	Mammuthus subplanifrons, "Elephas recki" = Palaeoloxodon recki, Elephas ekorensis, Loxodonta adaurora Mammuthus subplanifrons mammoth "Elephas recki" = Palaeoloxodon recki Dietrich 1915 elephant Elephas ekorensis Maglio 1970 elephant Loxodonta adaurora Maglio 1970 African elephant
Proboscidea - Deinotheriidae	Deinotherium bozasi Deinotherium bozasi Arambourg 1934 deinothere
Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae	Diceros bicornis, Ceratotherium aff. simum Diceros bicornis Linnaeus 1758 black rhinoceros Ceratotherium aff. simum Burchell 1821 white rhinoceros ETE occurrence; species: mak - species name from unique name
Artiodactyla - Hippopotamidae	Hippopotamus sp. Hippopotamus sp. Linnaeus 1758 hippo
Artiodactyla - Suidae	Phacochoerus sp., Metridiochoerus compactus, Potamochoerus shawi Phacochoerus sp. Cuvier 1826 warthog Metridiochoerus compactus Van Hoepen and Van Hoepen 1932 pig Potamochoerus shawi pig
Artiodactyla - Camelidae	Camelus sp. Camelus sp. Linnaeus 1758 camel
Artiodactyla - Giraffidae	Giraffa camelopardalis, Giraffa pygmaea, Giraffa stillei Giraffa camelopardalis Linnaeus 1758 giraffe Giraffa pygmaea Harris 1976 giraffe Giraffa stillei Arambourg 1947 giraffe
Artiodactyla - Bovidae	Madoqua sp., Oryx aff. gazella, Damaliscus sp., Connochaetes aff. taurinus, "Megalotragus kattwinkeli" = Alcelaphus kattwinkeli, Kobus sigmoidalis, Tragelaphus aff. strepsiceros, Syncerus sp. Madoqua sp. Ogilby 1837 dikdik Oryx aff. gazella Linnaeus 1758 gemsbok ETE occurrence; species: mak - species name from unique name Damaliscus sp. Sclater and Thomas 1894 antelope Connochaetes aff. taurinus Burchell 1823 blue wildebeest ETE occurrence; species: mak - species name from unique name "Megalotragus kattwinkeli" = Alcelaphus kattwinkeli Scwarz 1932 hartebeest Kobus sigmoidalis Arambourg 1941 antelope Tragelaphus aff. strepsiceros Pallas 1766 greater kudu ETE occurrence; species: mak - species name from unique name Syncerus sp. Hodgson 1847 African buffalo
Primates - Cercopithecidae	Theropithecus sp., Parapapio sp. Theropithecus sp. Geoffroy 1843 gelada Parapapio sp. Jones 1937 monkey