Birds River (Bir 111) (Triassic of South Africa)

Where: Eastern Cape, South Africa (31.5° S, 26.8° E: paleocoordinates 62.4° S, 7.2° W)

• coordinate based on unpublished field data

When: Molteno Formation (Stormberg Group), Carnian (237.0 - 228.0 Ma)

Environment/lithology: lacustrine - small; gray, yellow shale

• "transient lake in back swamp" (Anderson and Anderson 1985 (ref. 6188))
• "yellowish grey, very well laminated shale" (Anderson and Anderson 1985 (ref. 6188))

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: mold/impression

Primary reference: J. M. Anderson and H. M. Anderson. 1983. Palaeoflora of Southern Africa Molteno Formation (Triassic). Palaeoflora of Southern Africa Molteno Formation (Triassic) 1:1-227 [H. Sims/H. Lindon/H. Lindon]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 23142: authorized by Hallie Sims, entered by Heather Lindon on 10.07.2002, edited by Matthew Clapham and Jered Karr

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• habitat described as "Sphenobaiera closed woodland" (Anderson and Anderson 2000 (ref. 6625))
Show authors, comments, and common names
unclassified
  -
Jeanjacquesia sp.1, Halleyoctenis sp.1, Eosteria sp.1, Dordrechtites sp.1, Avatia sp.1, Fredlindia sp.1, Avistrobus sp.1
Insecta
 Eoblattida - Mesorthopteridae
Mesorthopteron similis n. sp.5
Mesorthopteron similis n. sp.5 Riek 1974 insect
C-Dt II 354
 Eoblattida -
"Paraplecoptera indet." = Eoblattida2
"Paraplecoptera indet." = Eoblattida2 Handlirsch 1906 insect
 Dicondylia - Triadotypidae
Triassologus biseriatus4
Triassologus biseriatus4 Riek 1976 winged insect
 Dicondylia -
Nototriadophlebia pritykinae n. gen. n. sp.4
Nototriadophlebia pritykinae n. gen. n. sp.4 Béthoux and Anderson 2023 winged insect
BP/2/20950ab, BP/2/20986ab
 Dicondylia - Mesophlebiidae
Mesophlebia elegans n. sp.7
Mesophlebia elegans n. sp.7 Deregnaucourt et al. 2020 winged insect
PRE/F/20242
 Hemiptera - Dunstaniidae
Prosbolomorpha clara n. gen. n. sp.5
Prosbolomorpha clara n. gen. n. sp.5 Riek 1974 true bug
C-Dt II 3
 Hemiptera - Dysmorphoptilidae
"Dysmorphoptiloides protuberans n. sp." = Tennentsia protuberans5
"Dysmorphoptiloides protuberans n. sp." = Tennentsia protuberans5 Riek 1974 true bug
C-Dt II 342
 Hemiptera - Protopsyllidiidae
Protopsyllidiidae "nymph"5
Protopsyllidiidae "nymph"5 Becker-Migdisova 1960 true bug
C-Dt II 1
 Blattaria - Caloblattinidae
Samaroblatta sp.5
Samaroblatta sp.5 Tillyard 1919 cockroach
 Grylloblattodea - Euchauliodidae
Euchauliodes distinctus n. gen. n. sp.5
Euchauliodes distinctus n. gen. n. sp.5 Riek 1974 ice crawler
C-Dt II 2
 Orthoptera - Haglidae
"aff. Afrohagla contorta" = Afrohagla contorta9, "Hagla contorta n. sp." = Afrohagla contorta5
"aff. Afrohagla contorta" = Afrohagla contorta9 Riek 1974 hump-winged cricket
"Hagla contorta n. sp." = Afrohagla contorta5 Riek 1974 hump-winged cricket
C-Dt II 351, and one more in Wappler 2001
 Orthoptera - Proparagryllacrididae
Proparagryllacrididae indet.9, Gryllacrimima sp.9, Gryllacrimima johnski n. sp.9, Dordrechtia sp.9
Proparagryllacrididae indet.9 Riek 1956 grasshopper
Gryllacrimima sp.9 Sharov 1968 grasshopper
Gryllacrimima johnski n. sp.9 Wappler 2001 grasshopper
BP/2/4533
Dordrechtia sp.9 Riek 1976 grasshopper
 Dicondylia -
Blattodea indet.5
Blattodea indet.5 Latreille 1810 cockroach
abdomen
 Dicondylia - Triassoblattidae
Triassoblatta robusta5
Triassoblatta robusta5 Riek 1974 winged insect
 Hymenoptera - Xyelidae
Moltenia rieki n. gen. n. sp.6
Moltenia rieki n. gen. n. sp.6 Schlüter 2000 sawfly
PRE/F 10438
 Dicondylia -
Coleoptera indet.2
Coleoptera indet.2 Linnaeus 1758 beetle
 Coleoptera - Ademosynidae
Ademosyne speciosa5
Ademosyne speciosa5 Riek 1974 beetle
 Dicondylia -
Mecoptera indet.2
Mecoptera indet.2 Packard 1886 scorpionfly
 Glosselytrodea - Polycytellidae
Polycytella rasnitsyni n. sp.3, Moltenojurina parva n. gen. n. sp.3
Polycytella rasnitsyni n. sp.3 Béthoux and Anderson 2021 winged insect
PRE/F/10559
Moltenojurina parva n. gen. n. sp.3 Béthoux and Anderson 2021 winged insect
PRE/F/20922
 Reculida - Geinitziidae
Fletchitzia picturata8
Fletchitzia picturata8 Riek 1976 winged insect
PRE/F 10436
Cycadeoideopsida
 Cycadeoideales -
Yabeiella sp.1
Yabeiella sp.1 Oishi 1931
Peltaspermopsida
 Peltaspermales - Peltaspermaceae
Lepidopteris sp.1, Peltaspermum sp.1
Lepidopteris sp.1 Schimper 1869
Peltaspermum sp.1 Harris 1937
Gymnospermopsida
  -
Gymnospermopsida indet.1
 Corystospermales - Corystospermaceae
Fanerotheca sp.1, Dicroidium sp.1
Fanerotheca sp.1 Frenguelli 1944
Dicroidium sp.1 Gothan 1912
Cycadopsida
 Cycadales -
Taeniopteris sp.1
Taeniopteris sp.1 Brongniart 1828 cycads
 Cycadales - Nilssoniaceae
Pseudoctenis sp.1
Pseudoctenis sp.1 Seward 1911 cycads
 Pteridospermales -
Chiropteris sp.1
Chiropteris sp.1 Kurr 1845 cycads
Ginkgoopsida
 Ginkgoales - Ginkgoaceae
Stachyopitys sp.1
Stachyopitys sp.1 Schenk 1867
 Ginkgoales -
Sphenobaiera sp.1
Sphenobaiera sp.1 Florin 1936
Ginkgoites
  -
Ginkgoites sp.1
Ginkgoites sp.1 Seward 1919
 Bennettitales -
Cycadolepis sp.1
Cycadolepis sp.1 Saporta 1875
 Coniferales -
Fraxinopsis sp.1
Fraxinopsis sp.1 Wieland 1929
Pinopsida
 Pinales -
Heidiphyllum sp.1
Heidiphyllum sp.1 Retallack 1981
Hepaticae
 Marchantiales - Marchantiaceae
Marchantites sp.1
Marchantites sp.1 Brongniart 1849 liverwort
  -
Thallites sp.1
Thallites sp.1 Walton 1925 liverwort
Bryopsida
  -
Muscites sp.1
Muscites sp.1 Brongniart 1828
unclassified
  -
Pteridophyta indet.1
Pteridophyta indet.1 Haeckel 1875
Polypodiopsida
 Equisetales - Equisetidae
Equisetum sp.1
Equisetum sp.1 Linnaeus 1753 horsetail
Pteridopsida
  -
"Filicopsida indet." = Pteridopsida1
"Filicopsida indet." = Pteridopsida1 Ritgen 1828
Lycopsida
  -
Lycopsida indet.1
1Anderson and Anderson 2000; 2Anderson et al. 1998; 3Béthoux and Anderson 2021; 4Béthoux and Anderson 2023; 5Riek 1974; 6Schlüter 2000; 7Tierney et al. 2020; 8Wappler 2000; 9Wappler 2001