Betfia 7 level 3c (Pleistocene of Romania)

Also known as Betfia VII/3c Somleu Hill

Where: Romania (47.0° N, 22.0° E: paleocoordinates 46.9° N, 22.0° E)

• coordinate estimated from map

When: Early/Lower Pleistocene (2.6 - 0.8 Ma)

• Site overview: the site of Betfia has a height of 8m and encompasses four complexes of layers. The first three of these represent the filling of a former cave, containing numerous fragments of speleotherms. Level 3 is formed of three layers of clay with speleothemes. Level 3c is dated to Late Lower Pleistocene (Late Bavelian) approx. 0.8Ma.

Environment/lithology: cave

• Level 3 is formed of three layers of clay with speleothemes.

Collection methods: bulk,

• Sites discovered between 1966 and 1991 and excavated by the Bucharest Speleological Institute and the "Tarii Crisurilor" Museum of Oradea.

Primary reference: E. Terzea. 1996. Biochronology of the Pleistocene deposits at Betfia (Bihor, Romania). Acta Zoologica Cracovensia 39(1):531-540 [A. Behrensmeyer/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]more details

Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis

PaleoDB collection 34009: authorized by Alan Turner, entered by Hannah O'Regan on 12.08.2003

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• Level 3c is distinguished by a marked diversity and by an abundance of forest species; belongs to a temperate phase with some continental features.
unclassified
  -
Mammalia
 Chiroptera -
Chiroptera indet. Blumenbach 1779 bat
 Carnivora - Mustelidae
Mustela praenivalis Kormos 1934 weasel
 Carnivora - Canidae
Canis mosbachensis Soergel 1925 canine
Vulpes sp. Frisch 1775 fox
Vulpes (s.l.) sp.
 Carnivora - Hyaenidae
? Crocuta sp. Erxleben 1777 spotted hyaena
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
Stephanorhinus etruscus Falconer 1868 rhinoceros
Dicerorhinus etruscus ssp.
 Artiodactyla - Cervidae
Praemegaceros sp. Portis 1920 deer
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Bovidae indet. Gray 1821 antelope
 Theriamorpha - Talpidae
Talpa fossilis Petenyi 1864 mole
 Theriamorpha - Soricidae
Beremendia fissidens Petényi 1864 shrew
Crocidura sp. Wagler 1832 white-toothed shrew
Sorex ex gr. minutus Linnaeus 1766 Eurasian pygmy shrew
Sorex gr. minutus
Sorex margaritodon Kormos 1930 long-tailed shrew
Sorex runtonensis Hinton 1911 long-tailed shrew
 Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Lepus sp. Linnaeus 1758 hare
 Rodentia - Zapodidae
Sicista praeloriger Kormos 1930 birch mouse
 Rodentia - Cricetidae
Cricetus cricetus Linnaeus 1758 European hamster
Cricetus cricetus praeglacialis
"Clethrionomys ex gr. glareolus" = Myodes vole
Clethrionomys gr. glareolus
Microtus arvalidens vole
Microtus (Terricola) arvalidens
Microtus gregaloides vole
Microtus (Stenocranius) gregaloides
Microtus nivalinus vole
Microtus (Chionomys) nivalinus
Microtus nivaloides vole
Microtus (M.) nivaloides MAJOR (M. arvalinus HINTON)
Microtus ratticepoides vole
Microtus (M.) ratticepoides
 Rodentia - Muridae
Spalax sp., "Apodemus ex gr. sylvaticus" = Mus sylvaticus, Apodemus mystacinus
Spalax sp. Güldenstadt 1770 blind mole
"Apodemus ex gr. sylvaticus" = Mus sylvaticus Linnaeus 1758 wood mouse
Apodemus gr. sylvaticus
Apodemus mystacinus Danford and Alston 1877 Eastern broad-toothed field mouse
 Rodentia - Gliridae
Glis sackdillingensis Heller 1930 dormouse
Muscardinus dacicus Kormos 1930 dormouse
 Rodentia - Sciuridae
Sciurus sp. Linnaeus 1758 squirrel
Spermophilus primigenius ground squirrel