Where: South Africa (33.5° S, 24.7° E: paleocoordinates 58.2° S, 155.9° W)
• coordinate stated in text
• local area-level geographic resolution
When: Gydo Formation (Bokkeveld Group), Emsian (407.6 - 393.3 Ma)
• Age call from ref. 9618
• formation-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: marine; bioturbated mudstone and bioturbated siltstone
Collection methods: Author gives numbers from personal collections, which are said to have some bearing on actual abundances.
Primary reference: R. D. F. Oosthuizen. 1984. Preliminary catalogue and report on the biostratigraphy and palaeogeographic distribution of the Bokkeveld fauna. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa 87:125-140 [M. Foote/M. Foote/M. Foote]more details
Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis
PaleoDB collection 35581: authorized by Michael Foote, entered by Michael Foote on 29.12.2003, edited by Phil Novack-Gottshall
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
Scyphozoa | |
Conularia ? baini, Conularia quinchua, Conularia ? undulata, Conularia "sp. (a)", Mesoconularia cf. ulrichana
Conularia ? baini jellyfish
Conularia quinchua jellyfish
Conularia ? undulata jellyfish
Conularia "sp. (a)" jellyfish
Mesoconularia cf. ulrichana jellyfish | |
Anthozoa | |
Anthozoa indet. Ehrenberg 1834 | |
Pleurodictyum "sp. (c)" Goldfuss 1829 tabulate coral | |
""Zaphrentis" zebra" = Zaphrenthis
""Zaphrentis" zebra" = Zaphrenthis horn coral | |
unclassified | |
Porifera indet. Grant 1836 | |
Crinoidea | |
Crinoidea indet. Miller 1821 Sea lily | |
| |
Mandelacrinus nelsoni n. gen. n. sp.1
| |
Echinoidea | |
Echinoidea indet. Leske 1778 sea urchin | |
Asterozoa | |
"Stelleroidea indet." = Asterozoa
"Stelleroidea indet." = Asterozoa von Zittel 1895 | |
Lophophorata | |
Hyolitha | |
Hyolithes "sp. (b)" d'Eichwald 1840
Hyolithes "sp. (e)" d'Eichwald 1840 | |
Rhynchonellata | |
"Orthis" "sp. (a)" Dalman 1828 | |
"Centronella" "sp. (a)" Billings 1859 | |
Strophomenata | |
Chonetes "sp. (a)" Fischer de Waldheim 1830
Chonetes "sp. (c)" Fischer de Waldheim 1830 | |
"Strophodonta ? argentina" = Strophomena (Strophodonta)
"Strophodonta ? argentina" = Strophomena (Strophodonta) | |
Lingulata | |
Craniata | |
"Petrocrania" "sp. (a)" Raymond 1910 | |
Bivalvia | |
"Pelecypoda indet." = Bivalvia
"Pelecypoda indet." = Bivalvia Linnaeus 1758 clam | |
"Actinopteria" eschwegii oyster | |
? Pterinopecten "sp. (a)" Hall 1883 scallop
? Pterinopecten "sp. (b)" Hall 1883 scallop
? Pterinopecten "sp. (c)" Hall 1883 scallop | |
Modiomorpha "sp. (a)" Hall and Whitfield 1869 clam | |
"Leptodomus" "sp. (a)" M'Coy 1844 clam
Sanguinolites "sp. (a)" M'Coy 1844 clam | |
"Nuculana" cf. inornata pointed nut clam | |
Palaeoneilo arcuata, Palaeoneilo cf. magnifica, Palaeoneilo cf. orbignyi, Palaeoneilo rudis, Palaeoneilo "sp. (a)", Palaeoneilo "sp. (b)", Palaeoneilo "sp. (d)", Palaeoneilo "sp. (e)", Palaeoneilo "sp. (f)"
Palaeoneilo arcuata clam
Palaeoneilo rudis clam
Palaeoneilo "sp. (a)" Hall and Whitfield 1869 clam
Palaeoneilo "sp. (b)" Hall and Whitfield 1869 clam
Palaeoneilo "sp. (d)" Hall and Whitfield 1869 clam
Palaeoneilo "sp. (e)" Hall and Whitfield 1869 clam
Palaeoneilo "sp. (f)" Hall and Whitfield 1869 clam | |
Nuculites capensis, Nuculites colonicus, Nuculites obtusus, Nuculites "sp. (a)", Nuculites "sp. (d)", Nuculites "sp. (e)", Nuculites oblongatus
Nuculites capensis clam
Nuculites colonicus clam
Nuculites obtusus clam
Nuculites "sp. (a)" Conrad 1841 clam
Nuculites "sp. (d)" Conrad 1841 clam
Nuculites "sp. (e)" Conrad 1841 clam
Nuculites oblongatus Conrad 1841 clam | |
""Janeia" "sp. (a)"" = Solemya
""Janeia" "sp. (a)"" = Solemya Children 1823 Awning Clam | |
"Ctenodonta" grahami clam
"Ctenodonta" "sp. (a)" Salter 1852 clam | |
Cephalopoda | |
Cephalopoda indet. Cuvier 1797 | |
"Orthoceras" bokkeveldense, "Orthoceras" gamkaense, "Orthoceras" rex, "Orthoceras" "sp. (a)", "Orthoceras" "sp. (b)", "Orthoceras" "sp. (c)"
"Orthoceras" "sp. (a)" Breynius 1832
"Orthoceras" "sp. (b)" Breynius 1832
"Orthoceras" "sp. (c)" Breynius 1832 | |
Gastropoda | |
| |
"Bellerophon cf. dereimsi" = Plectonotus dereimsi, "Bellerophon cf. fraternus" = Plectonotus derbyi, "Bellerophon cf. laticarinatus" = Plectonotus laticarinata
"Bellerophon cf. dereimsi" = Plectonotus dereimsi Knod 1908 snail [entered as Bellerophon dereimesi]
"Bellerophon cf. fraternus" = Plectonotus derbyi Clarke 1899 snail
"Bellerophon cf. laticarinatus" = Plectonotus laticarinata Knod 1908 snail | |
""Diaphorostoma" baini" = Platyostoma, ? Platyceras "sp. (a)"
""Diaphorostoma" baini" = Platyostoma snail
? Platyceras "sp. (a)" Conrad 1840 snail | |
"Loxonema cf. glabrum" = Palaeozygopleura glabra, "Loxonema zwartbergense" = Pragozyga zwartbergense
"Loxonema cf. glabrum" = Palaeozygopleura glabra Clarke and Swartz 1913 snail
"Loxonema zwartbergense" = Pragozyga zwartbergense Reed 1925 snail | |
""Pleurotomaria" cf. kayseri" = Lahnospira kayseri
""Pleurotomaria" cf. kayseri" = Lahnospira kayseri Ulrich 1892 snail | |
Deuteropoda | |
Ostracoda indet. Latreille 1802 ostracod | |
Trilobita | |
"Metacryphaeus caffer" = Metacryphaeus (Metacryphaeus) caffer, Kozlowskiaspis ceres, Oosthuizenella ocellus, ? Deltacephalaspis "sp. (a)", "Bainella africana" = Anchiopella, "Bainella arbuteus" = Anchiopella, "Bainella cristagalli" = Anchiopella, "Bainella gamkaensis" = Anchiopella, Pennaia pupillus, Typhloniscus baini
"Metacryphaeus caffer" = Metacryphaeus (Metacryphaeus) caffer Salter 1856 trilobite
Kozlowskiaspis ceres trilobite
Oosthuizenella ocellus trilobite
? Deltacephalaspis "sp. (a)" Eldredge and Ormiston 1979 trilobite
"Bainella africana" = Anchiopella trilobite
"Bainella arbuteus" = Anchiopella trilobite
"Bainella cristagalli" = Anchiopella trilobite
"Bainella gamkaensis" = Anchiopella trilobite
Pennaia pupillus trilobite
Typhloniscus baini trilobite | |
Francovichia ? clarkei trilobite
Francovichia "sp. (a)" Branisa 1960 trilobite | |
Ormistoniella "sp. (a)" Cooper 1982 trilobite
Ormistoniella malaca Lake 1904 trilobite |