Pakokku District, Pondaung Sandstone (Eocene of Myanmar)

Where: Myanmar (21.7° N, 94.8° E: paleocoordinates 13.1° N, 93.3° E)

• coordinate estimated from map

• local area-level geographic resolution

When: Pondaung Formation, Bartonian (41.3 - 38.0 Ma)

• The whole sequence of units was originally defined as the ‘Pondaung Sandstones’ by Cotter (1914), but the horizon yielding Eocene vertebrate fossils is now known as the ‘Upper Member’ of the Pondaung Formation (see Maung et al. 2005). The most recent age for this unit is ~39–38 Ma and so it can be regarded as middle Bartonian (see Tsubamoto et al. 2011).

• formation-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: terrestrial; brown, yellow sandstone and red, white, yellow siliciclastic

• successive beds of cherry-red, bright buff and cream-white earths interstratified with brown or buff sandstones

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: G. E. Pilgrim and G. P. Cotter. 1916. Some newly discovered Eocene mammals from Burma. Records of the Geological Survey of India 47:42-77 [J. Alroy/E. Leckey/E. Leckey]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 41207: authorized by John Alroy, entered by Erin Leckey on 08.07.2004

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Mammalia
 Perissodactyla - Brontotheriidae
Sivatitanops birmanicum Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 brontothere
fragments of upper molars
 Perissodactyla - Amynodontidae
? Metamynodon birmanicus n. sp. odd-toed ungulate
fragmentarty mandibular ramus and teeth
 Artiodactyla - Anthracotheriidae
"Anthracothema pangan" = Anthracotherium pangan, "Anthracohyus palustris n. sp." = Anthracotherium pangan, "Anthracothema rubricae" = Anthracotherium pangan, "Anthracothema crassum" = Anthracotherium crassum, "Anthracohyus choeroides n. sp." = Anthracotherium crassum, "Anthracokeryx tenuis n. sp." = Anthracokeryx tenuis, "Anthracokeryx bambusae n. sp." = Anthracokeryx tenuis, "Anthracokeryx bambusae n. sp." = Anthracokeryx tenuis, "Anthracokeryx birmanicus n. gen. n. sp." = Anthracokeryx birmanicus, "Anthracokeryx hospes n. sp." = Anthracokeryx birmanicus
"Anthracothema pangan" = Anthracotherium pangan Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 anthracothere
isolated tooth
"Anthracohyus palustris n. sp." = Anthracotherium pangan Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 anthracothere
isolated teeth
"Anthracothema rubricae" = Anthracotherium pangan Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 anthracothere
isolated teeth
"Anthracothema crassum" = Anthracotherium crassum Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 anthracothere
mandible and teeth
"Anthracohyus choeroides n. sp." = Anthracotherium crassum Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 anthracothere
upper molar and premolar, and mandible
"Anthracokeryx tenuis n. sp." = Anthracokeryx tenuis Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 anthracothere
isolated teeth
"Anthracokeryx bambusae n. sp." = Anthracokeryx tenuis Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 anthracothere
fragment of right maxillae containing m2, m3
"Anthracokeryx bambusae n. sp." = Anthracokeryx tenuis Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 anthracothere
maxilla with teeth
"Anthracokeryx birmanicus n. gen. n. sp." = Anthracokeryx birmanicus Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 anthracothere
maxilla with teeth
"Anthracokeryx hospes n. sp." = Anthracokeryx birmanicus Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 anthracothere
isolated tooth
Reptilia
 Testudines - Testudinidae
Testudinidae indet. Batsch 1788 turtle
fragments of the carapaces of tortoises
Actinopteri
 Teleostei -
Teleostei indet.
toothed pharangeal arches