La grotte de l'Escale bed H, Saint-Esteve-Janson, Bouches du Rhone. (Pleistocene of France)

Also known as L'Escale

Where: Provence, France (43.7° N, 5.4° E: paleocoordinates 43.7° N, 5.4° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

When: Middle Pleistocene (0.8 - 0.1 Ma)

• Middle Pleistocene (Biharian), roughly 0.8-0.7Ma.

•There are a number of beds within the cave - from A (lowermost)-L (topmost), not all of which contain fauna. Each faunal level has been entered separately.

Environment/lithology: cave

• Fauna comes from bed H. Beds H,I,J are described together, are 3 to 5m deep, and consist of fallen rocks, gravels and pebbles with very indurated? (tres indures) aeolian silts, and slabs of limestone corresponding to a harsh climate (tres rigoureux). There is abundant evidence of frost action and loessic inputs.

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collection methods: Specimens held in the Maison Mediterraneenne des Sciences de l'Homme (MMSH), Aix-en-Provence.

•Birds are mentioned but not listed. The small mammal remains have been subdivided into collectiosn within beds G and H and these are not directly related to the macromammal remains. They have been entered here at Bed level (i.e. a composite list), see Bonifay 1973 for the breakdown within beds.

Primary reference: M. F. Bonifay and E. Bonifay. 1963. Un gisement a faune epi-villafranchienne a Saint-Esteve-Janson (Bouches-du-Rhone). Comptes Rendue Academie des Sciences, Paris 246:1136-1138 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]more details

Purpose of describing collection: archaeological analysis

PaleoDB collection 48889: authorized by Alan Turner, entered by Hannah O'Regan on 04.04.2005

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• Macrofauna indicative of a cold environment. The rodents are indicative of a cold and steppic environment.
Mammalia
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
 Carnivora - Felidae
Panthera sp.4 Oken 1816 cat
Panthera gombaszoegensis3 Kretzoi 1938 cat
 Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Pliocrocuta perrieri4 Kretzoi 1938 hyaena
 Carnivora - Mustelidae
Meles sp.2 Brisson 1762 badger
Gulo gulo2 Linnaeus 1758 wolverine
Gulo gulo schlosseri
 Carnivora - Canidae
Vulpes vulpes2 Linnaeus 1758 red fox
Vulpes vulpes jansoni
Vulpes praeglacialis2 Kormos 1932 fox
Canis etruscus2 Forsyth Major 1877 canine
 Theriamorpha - Talpidae
Talpa cf. europaea1 Linnaeus 1758 European mole
 Theriamorpha - Soricidae
Sorex sp.1 Linnaeus 1758 long-tailed shrew
Crocidura sp.1 Wagler 1832 white-toothed shrew
 Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Leporidae indet.1 Fischer de Waldheim 1817 rabbit
present
 Rodentia - Sciuridae
Sciurus sp.1 Linnaeus 1758 squirrel
present
 Rodentia - Gliridae
Eliomys quercinus1 Linnaeus 1766 garden doormouse
Eliomys quercinus helleri
 Rodentia - Cricetidae
Allocricetus bursae1 mouse
Allocricetus bursae duranciensis
Microtus brecciensis1 Forsyth Major 1905 vole
Microtus brecciensis mediterraneus
"Pitymys subterraneus" = Microtus1 vole
Microtus agrestis1 Linnaeus 1761 field vole
Microtus agrestis jansoni
 Rodentia - Muridae
"Apodemus sylvaticus" = Mus sylvaticus1
"Apodemus sylvaticus" = Mus sylvaticus1 Linnaeus 1758 wood mouse
Reptilia
  -
Reptilia indet.1 Laurenti 1768 reptile
present.
 Testudines - Testudinidae
Testudo sp.1 Linnaeus 1758 turtle
Amphibia
  -
Amphibia indet.1 Linnaeus 1758 tetrapod
present.