La grotte de l'Escale bed C, Saint-Esteve-Janson, Bouches du Rhone. (Pleistocene of France)

Also known as L'Escale

Where: Provence, France (43.7° N, 5.4° E: paleocoordinates 43.7° N, 5.4° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

When: Middle Pleistocene (0.8 - 0.1 Ma)

• Middle Pleistocene (Biharian), roughly 0.8-0.7Ma.

•There are a number of beds within the cave - from A (lowermost)-L (topmost), not all of which contain fauna. Each faunal level has been entered separately.

Environment/lithology: cave

• Fauna comes from bed C. Beds C-F are all described together. They contain deteriorated (altere) fallen rocks at the base, with more and more 'cryoclastiques' towards the top and loessic silts. Total thickness between 2-4 metres.

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collection methods: Specimens held in the Maison Mediterraneenne des Sciences de l'Homme (MMSH), Aix-en-Provence.

•Birds are mentioned but not listed.

Primary reference: M. F. Bonifay and E. Bonifay. 1963. Un gisement a faune epi-villafranchienne a Saint-Esteve-Janson (Bouches-du-Rhone). Comptes Rendue Academie des Sciences, Paris 246:1136-1138 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]more details

Purpose of describing collection: archaeological analysis

PaleoDB collection 48910: authorized by Alan Turner, entered by Hannah O'Regan on 04.04.2005

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• Fauna indicative of a temperate-cold environment at the base, becoming very cold in the topmost levels.
Amphibia
  -
Amphibia indet.1 Linnaeus 1758 tetrapod
present.
Mammalia
 Carnivora - Canidae
Canis etruscus2, "Cuon stehlini" = Xenocyon lycaonoides2
Canis etruscus2 Forsyth Major 1877 canine
"Cuon stehlini" = Xenocyon lycaonoides2 Kretzoi 1938 canine
 Carnivora - Felidae
Panthera gombaszoegensis3 Kretzoi 1938 cat
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
 Lagomorpha - Leporidae
Leporidae indet.1 Fischer de Waldheim 1817 rabbit
present.