San Giacomo, Anagni, southern Lazio (Pleistocene of Italy)

Also known as Coste San Giacomo, CSG

Where: Lazio, Italy (41.7° N, 13.2° E: paleocoordinates 41.7° N, 13.1° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

When: MN 17 (2.6 - 1.8 Ma)

• Late Pliocene, Late Villanyian, similar age to St Vallier.

Environment/lithology: "floodplain"; fine-grained sandstone

• The overall mammal assemblage is indicative of river channels in a flood plain, surrounded by a mix of different environments with both savannahs and wooded areas (Bellucci et al. 2014; Strani et al. 2018). This is evidence of an environmental shift towards a more open landscape, if compared with the more forested and swampy sce-nario suggested by data from the lowermost part of the sequence.
• At CSG, the sequence is composed by laminated medium- to fine-grained yellowish sands with Fe-Mn coatings and massive fines with CaCO3 nodules in the upper part (Bellucci et al. 2014).

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: T. Kotsakis. 1986. Elementi di paleobiogeographia dei mammiferi Terziari dell Italia. Hystrix 1:25-68 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]more details

Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis

PaleoDB collection 49414: authorized by Alan Turner, entered by Hannah O'Regan on 15.04.2005, edited by Grace Varnham

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
Mammalia
 Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae
Anancus arvernensis
Anancus arvernensis Croizet and Jobert 1828 gomphothere
 Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Mammuthus (Archidiskodon) meridionalis
 Carnivora - Hyaenidae
Hyaenidae indet.
Hyaenidae indet. Gray 1821 hyaena
 Carnivora - Felidae
? Machairodontinae indet.
 Carnivora - Canidae
Vulpes cf. alopecoides, Canis aff. etruscus
Vulpes cf. alopecoides Forsyth Major 1877 fox
Canis aff. etruscus Forsyth Major 1877 canine
 Artiodactyla - Suidae
Sus sp.
Sus sp. Linnaeus 1758 pig
 Artiodactyla - Cervidae
"cf. Cervus philisi" = Metacervocerus philisi, Eucladoceros sp., Croizetoceros ramosus
"cf. Cervus philisi" = Metacervocerus philisi Mennecart et al. 2017 deer
Eucladoceros sp. Falconer 1868 deer
Croizetoceros ramosus Croizet and Jobert 1828 deer
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Leptobos sp., Gazella borbonica
Leptobos sp. Rutimeyer 1878 antelope
 Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae
"Dicerorhinus cf. etruscus" = Stephanorhinus etruscus
"Dicerorhinus cf. etruscus" = Stephanorhinus etruscus Falconer 1868 rhinoceros
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
"Equus stenonis" = Allohippus stenonis
"Equus stenonis" = Allohippus stenonis Cocchi 1867 horse
 Placentalia -
Primates indet.
Primates indet. Linnaeus 1758 primate
Reptilia
  -
Reptilia indet.
Reptilia indet. Laurenti 1768 reptile
CSG-H 035 vertebra
 Squamata - Anguidae
Pseudopus sp.
Pseudopus sp. Merrem 1820 legless lizard
CSG-H 004 rib; CSG-H 043 trunk vertebra
 Squamata - Lacertidae
Lacertidae indet.
Lacertidae indet. Bonaparte 1831 squamates
CSG-H 015 dentary
 Serpentes -
Serpentes indet.
Serpentes indet. snake
CSG-H 016, CSG-H 020 vertebra; CSG-H 039 vertebra
 Squamata - Colubridae
Natrix sp.
Natrix sp. Laurenti 1768 water snake
CSG-H 001, CSG-H 019, CSG-H 037 trunk vertebra;
Amphibia
 Salientia -
Anura indet.
Anura indet. Fischer von Waldheim 1813 frog
CSG-H 005 tibiofibula; CSG-H 007 ilium; CSG-H 008, CSG-H 011, CSG-H 021 indet; CSG-H 013 radioulna; CSG-H 017, CSG-H 022 tibiofibula; CSG-H 018 humerus; CSG-H 024 ilium; CSG-H 025 vertebra; CSG-H 027 coracoid; CSG-H 028 ilium; CSG-H 029 vertebra; CSG-H 030 radioulna; CSG-H 031 tibiofibula; CSG-H 032 indet; CSG-H 033 ilium; CSG-H 035 indet; CSG-H 038 indet; CSG-H 040 coracoid; CSG-H 042 radioulna; CSG-H 044 humerus; CSG-H 046 radioulna;CSG-H 049 humerus
 Salientia - Bufonidae
Bufonidae indet.
Bufonidae indet. Gray 1825 toad
CSG-H 012 scapula; CSG-H 048 humerus
 Salientia - Ranidae
Ranidae indet., Pelophylax sp., Rana sp.
Ranidae indet. Rafinesque 1814 frog
CSG-H 003 humerus; CSG-H 041 humerus
Pelophylax sp. Fitzinger 1843 frog
CSG-H 006 ilium; CSG-H 009 humerus; CSG-H 047 ilium
Rana sp. Linnaeus 1758 frog
CSG-H 002 ilium; CSG-H 010 ilium; CSG-H 014 humerus, CSG-H 023 ilium; CSG-H 026 humerus; CSG-H 034 humerus; CSG-H 045 ilium