Carmel Church Quarry (Miocene of the United States)

Also known as Caroline Stone Quarry

Where: Caroline County, Virginia (37.9° N, 77.5° W: paleocoordinates 38.1° N, 74.7° W)

• coordinate estimated from map

When: Plum Point Member (Calvert Formation), Serravallian (13.8 - 11.6 Ma)

• 14.9 to 12.7 AEO date; stratigraphy after Trochim & Dooley 2010

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: estuary or bay; conglomerate and sandy claystone

• sparse molluscs, low in diversity; subtropical environment in embayment and dry onshore; area not far from shore, bay, short-term eustatic transgression events, long-term regression trend

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils, microfossils

Preservation: original phosphate

Primary reference: A. C. Dooley, N. C. Fraser, and Z. Luo. 2004. The earliest known member of the rorqual-gray whale clade (Mammalia, Cetacea). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24(2):453-463 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 57700: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Mark Uhen on 19.12.2005

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
unclassified
  -
Callippus cf. regulus4
Mammalia
 Sirenia - Dugongidae
Metaxytherium cratagense4
 Carnivora - Phocidae
? Leptophoca sp.4
? Leptophoca sp.4 True 1906 seal
 Cetacea -
Odontoceti indet.4
Odontoceti indet.4 Flower 1867 toothed whale
 Cetacea - Ziphiidae
Ziphiidae indet.3
Ziphiidae indet.3 Gray 1850 beaked whale
 Cetacea - Eurhinodelphinidae
Xiphiacetus cristatus4
Xiphiacetus cristatus4 Du Bus 1872 toothed whale
 Cetacea - Kentriodontidae
Kentriodontidae indet.4
Kentriodontidae indet.4 Slijper 1936 toothed whale
small and large taxa
 Cetacea -
cf. Hadrodelphis calvertense4
cf. Hadrodelphis calvertense4 Kellogg 1966 toothed whale
 Cetacea - Physeteridae
Physeteridae indet.1, cf. Orycterocetus crocodilinus4
Physeteridae indet.1 Gray 1821 sperm whale
new species
cf. Orycterocetus crocodilinus4 Cope 1867 sperm whale
 Cetacea -
Mysticeti indet.4
Mysticeti indet.4 Cope 1891 whale
 Cetacea - Balaenopteridae
Eobalaenoptera harrisoni n. gen. n. sp.
Eobalaenoptera harrisoni n. gen. n. sp. Dooley et al. 2004 rorqual
 Cetacea -
"Aglaocetus patulus" = Atlanticetus patulus4, Diorocetus hiatus, Diorocetus hiatus4, ? Halicetus ignotus4
"Aglaocetus patulus" = Atlanticetus patulus4 Kellogg 1968 whale
Diorocetus hiatus Kellogg 1968 whale
Diorocetus hiatus4 Kellogg 1968 whale
? Halicetus ignotus4 Kellogg 1969 whale
 Artiodactyla - Camelidae
cf. Procamelus sp.4
cf. Procamelus sp.4 Leidy 1858 camel
 Artiodactyla - Tayassuidae
"Prosthennops" xiphidonticus2
 Artiodactyla - Palaeomerycidae
Palaeomerycidae indet.4, "Dromomerycidae indet." = Dromomerycinae2
Palaeomerycidae indet.4 Lydekker 1883 ruminant
"Dromomerycidae indet." = Dromomerycinae2 Frick 1937 ruminant
 Perissodactyla - Tapiridae
Tapiridae indet.4
Tapiridae indet.4 Gray 1821 tapir
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
Calippus cf. regulus2
Calippus cf. regulus2 Johnston 1937 horse
Reptilia
 Crocodylia -
Thecachampsa antiquua4, "Thecachampsa antiqua" = Thecachampsa antiquus4
"Thecachampsa antiqua" = Thecachampsa antiquus4 Leidy 1852 crocodilian
Aves
  -
Aves indet.
Aves indet. Linnaeus 1758 bird
 Odontopterygiformes - Pelagornithidae
Pelagornis sp.4
Pelagornis sp.4 Lartet 1857 bird
 Anseriformes - Anatidae
Anatidae indet.4
Anatidae indet.4 Vigors 1825 waterfowl
 Gaviiformes - Gaviidae
Gavia sp.4
Gavia sp.4 Forster 1788 loon
 Suliformes - Sulidae
Morus sp.4
Morus sp.4 Vieillot 1816 gannet
 Charadriiformes - Alcoidae
Miocepphus sp.4
Miocepphus sp.4 Wetmore 1940 auk
Reptilia
 Testudines - Dermochelyidae
Psephophorus sp.4
Psephophorus sp.4 von Meyer 1847 leatherback
 Testudines - Cheloniidae
Procolpochelys grandaeva4, Syllomus sp., Syllomus aegyptiacus4
Procolpochelys grandaeva4 Leidy 1861 sea turtle
Syllomus sp. Cope 1896 sea turtle
Syllomus aegyptiacus4 Lydekker 1899 sea turtle
Osteichthyes
 Acipenseriformes - Acipenseridae
Acipenser sp.4
Acipenser sp.4 Linnaeus 1758 sturgeon
Actinopteri
 Elopiformes - Megalopidae
Megalops sp.4
Megalops sp.4 Lacépède 1803
 Scombriformes - Scombridae
Thunnus sp.4
Thunnus sp.4 South 1845
 Tetraodontiformes - Monacanthidae
Aluterus sp.4
Aluterus sp.4 Cloquet 1816 Leatherjacket
 Tetraodontiformes - Molidae
Ranzania sp.4, Mola sp.
Ranzania sp.4 Nardo 1840
Mola sp. Linck 1790
 Acanthuriformes - Sciaenidae
Pogonias sp., Pogonias multidentatus4, Sciaenops ocellatus4
Pogonias sp. Lacépède 1802
Sciaenops ocellatus4 Linnaeus 1766
 Labriformes - Labridae
Tautoga sp., Tautoga onitis4
Tautoga sp. Linnaeus 1758
Chondrichthyes
 Squatiniformes - Squatinidae
Squatina sp.4
Squatina sp.4 Dumeril 1806 angel shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Hemigaleidae
Hemipristis sp., Hemipristis serra4
Hemipristis sp. Agassiz 1835 ground shark
Hemipristis serra4 Agassiz 1835 ground shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Carcharhinidae
Negaprion sp.4, Physogaleus contortus4, Carcharhinus sp.
Negaprion sp.4 Whitley 1940 lemon shark
Physogaleus contortus4 Gibbes 1847 requiem shark
Carcharhinus sp. de Blainville 1816 requiem shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Sphyrnidae
Sphyrna sp.4
Sphyrna sp.4 Rafinesque 1810 hammerhead shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Galeocerdidae
Galeocerdo sp.
Galeocerdo sp. Müller and Henle 1837 tiger shark
 Lamniformes - Carchariidae
Carcharias sp.
Carcharias sp. Rafinesque 1810 sand shark
 Lamniformes - Otodontidae
"Carcharocles megalodon" = Otodus megalodon4
"Carcharocles megalodon" = Otodus megalodon4 Agassiz 1835 megalodon
 Lamniformes - Lamnidae
Isurus sp.
Isurus sp. Rafinesque 1810 mackerel shark
 Lamniformes - Odontaspididae
Odontaspis sp.
Odontaspis sp. Agassiz 1838 sand tiger shark
 Lamniformes - Alopiidae
Alopias sp.4
Alopias sp.4 Rafinesque 1810 thresher shark
 Hexanchiformes - Hexanchidae
Notorynchus cepidianus4, Notorhynchus sp.
Notorhynchus sp. Ayres 1855 sevengill shark
 Myliobatiformes - Aetobatidae
Aetobatus sp.4
Aetobatus sp.4 Blainville 1816 stingray
 Myliobatiformes - Myliobatidae
Pteromylaeus sp.4, Myliobatis sp.4
Pteromylaeus sp.4 Garman 1913 bull ray
Myliobatis sp.4 Cuvier 1816 eagle ray
Bacillariophyceae
 Melosirales - Stephanopyxidaceae
Stephanopyxis grunowii5
 Coscinodiscales - Heliopeltaceae
Actinoptychus marylandicus, Actinoptychus virginicus
Actinoptychus marylandicus Andrews 1976 diatom
Actinoptychus virginicus Grunow 1883 diatom
 Rhaphoneidales - Rhaphoneidaceae
Rhaphoneis gemmifera5, Delphineis novaecaesaraea, Delphineis biseriata5
 Fragilariales - Fragilariaceae
Raphoneis amphiceros, Raphoneis lancettula, Raphoneis scutula
  - Hemidiscaceae
Actinocyclus ellipticus5
Actinocyclus ellipticus5 Grunow 1883 diatom
var. javanicus
1Barnes et al. 2004; 2Dooley 2007; 3Dooley 2010; 4Hastings and Dooley 2017; 5Trochim and Dooley 2010