Natural Well - Duplin Formation (Pliocene of the United States)

Where: Duplin County, North Carolina (34.9° N, 78.1° W: paleocoordinates 35.0° N, 77.4° W)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• local area-level geographic resolution

When: Duplin Formation, Late/Upper Pliocene (3.6 - 2.6 Ma)

• No lithostratigraphic details or stratigraphic relationships provided in text. From Siple (1957) "The Duplin in South Carolina is considered to be equivalent to the upper Yorktown of Virginia and the Cancellaria biofacies within the Choctawhatchee stage of Florida." AGE: Late Pliocene. Campbell (1974) suggested an age of zone N-20, or about 3.0-3.5 Ma for the type section of the Duplin Fm at Natural Well, late Pliocene age.

• formation-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; unlithified, medium-grained, coarse, shelly/skeletal, gray, blue, calcareous sandstone

• No geologic or paleoenvironmental data reported in text.
• Shelly, medium- to coarse-grained sand, sandy marl, and limestone, bluish gray.

Size class: macrofossils

Reposited in the USNM

• Collections reposited in USNM and USGS collections.

Primary reference: J. A. Gardner. 1943. Mollusca from the Miocene and Lower Pliocene of Virginia and North Carolina. Part 1. Pelecypoda. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 199(A):1-178 [A. Miller/A. Hendy/S. Ávila]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 59307: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 25.03.2006, edited by Mark Uhen

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• Exhaustive for Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Scaphopoda. Nomenclature is somewhat antiquated but provided to species resolution and authoritative.
Gastropoda
 Lepetellida - Fissurellidae
 Cerithioidea - Turritellidae
Vermicularia spirata1 Philippi 1836 turret shell
Turritella (Torculoidella) duplinensis1 Gardner and Aldrich 1919 turret shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Vermetidae
Lemintina granifera1 worm shell
Also: L. granifera tenera
 Neogastropoda - Terebridae
"Terebra (Strioterebrum) carolinensis" = Strioterebrum1, Terebra (Paraterebra) unilineata1
"Terebra (Strioterebrum) carolinensis" = Strioterebrum1 auger snail
 Neogastropoda - Clavatulidae
Clavatula cornelliana1 Olsson 1916 snail
 Neogastropoda - Clathurellidae
Glyphostoma zoster1 snail
Also: G. zoster phroudon
 Neogastropoda - Mangeliidae
"Kurtziella eritima" = Glyphoturris eritima1
"Kurtziella eritima" = Glyphoturris eritima1 Bush 1885 snail
 Neogastropoda - Drilliidae
Cymatosyrinx ziczac1 Gardner 1948 snail
Cymatosyrinx tiara1 Gardner 1948 snail
"Drillia" drewi1 Gardner 1948 snail
"Drillia" polygonalis1 Gardner 1948 snail
""Drillia" simpsoni" = Cerodrillia simpsoni1 Dall 1887 snail
Subspecies: D. simpsoni cingulata
""Drillia" emmonsi" = Clathrodrillia emmonsi1 Olsson 1916 snail
 Neogastropoda - Marginellidae
"Marginella (Volvarina) avena" = Volvarina avena1, Marginella (Serrata) denticulata1, "Marginella (Serrata) macronuclea" = Serrata1
"Marginella (Volvarina) avena" = Volvarina avena1 Kiener 1834 margin shell
Subspecies: M. (V.) avena avenacea
Marginella (Serrata) denticulata1 Conrad 1830 margin shell
"Marginella (Serrata) macronuclea" = Serrata1 margin shell
 Neogastropoda - Cystiscidae
"Cypraeolina lachrimula" = Pugnus lachrimula1
"Cypraeolina lachrimula" = Pugnus lachrimula1 Gould 1862 snail
 Neogastropoda - Muricidae
"Tritonalia cellulosa" = Purpura (Tritonalia)1 murex snail
Urosalpinx phrikna1 murex snail
 Neogastropoda - Volutidae
"Marginella (Bullata) antiqua" = Closia (Bullata)1, Scaphella trenholmii1, Aurinia obtusa1
"Marginella (Bullata) antiqua" = Closia (Bullata)1 volute
Subspecies: M. (Bullata) antiqua oliviformis
Scaphella trenholmii1 Tuomey and Holmes 1857 volute
Aurinia obtusa1 Emmons 1858 volute
 Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae
 Neogastropoda - Nassariidae
Ilyanassa johnsoni1 Dall 1892 snail
Ilyanassa granifera1 Conrad 1868 snail
Ilyanassa sexdentata1 Conrad 1843 snail
Ilyanassa scalaspira1 Conrad 1868 snail
Ilyanassa arata1 Say 1824 snail
Ilyanassa harpuloides1 Conrad 1844 snail
"Uzita consensoides" = Nassarius (Uzita)1 snail
"Uzita caloosaensis" = Nassarius (Uzita)1 snail
"Uzita vibex" = Nassarius (Uzita)1 snail
Uzita bidentata1 Emmons 1858 snail
Uzita smithiana1 Olsson 1916 snail
"Uzita chowanensis" = Nassarius chowanensis1 Gardner 1943 snail
Trajana pyta1 Gardner 1948 snail
 Neogastropoda - Fasciolariidae
 Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
 Neogastropoda - Columbellidae
Aesopus stearnsii1, "Anachis (Costoanachis) avara" = Costoanachis avara1, "Strombina anomala" = Sincola anomala1, "Mitrella lunata" = Astyris lunata1, "Anachis (Thiarinella) styliola" = Metulella (Thiarinella)1
"Anachis (Costoanachis) avara" = Costoanachis avara1 Say 1822 snail
Also: A. (C.) avara amydra
"Strombina anomala" = Sincola anomala1 Gardner and Aldrich 1919 snail
"Mitrella lunata" = Astyris lunata1 Say 1826 snail
"Anachis (Thiarinella) styliola" = Metulella (Thiarinella)1 snail
Subspecies: A. (T.) styliola obsoleta
 Sorbeoconcha - Cassidae
"Sconsia hodgei" = Sconsia hodgii1
"Sconsia hodgei" = Sconsia hodgii1 Conrad 1841 snail
[entered as Sconsia hodgii]
 Sorbeoconcha - Cypraeidae
"Cypraea (Cypraeorbis) carolinensis" = Akleistostoma carolinensis1
"Cypraea (Cypraeorbis) carolinensis" = Akleistostoma carolinensis1 Conrad 1841 cowry
 Sorbeoconcha - Cerithiopsidae
Retilaskeya bicolor3 Adams 1845 snail
Subspecies: C. (L.) emersonii persubulata
 Sorbeoconcha - Vitrinellidae
"Circulus" orbignyi1 snail
Listed as: "Circulus" (?supra-nitidus Wood subsp.) orbignyi
 Sorbeoconcha - Caecidae
 Sorbeoconcha - Tornidae
? Macromphalina sp.1 Cossmann 1888 snail
 Vanikoroidea - Eulimidae
"Strombiformis (Polygireulima) spatulata" = Polygireulima1, Strombiformis dalli1, Strombiformis bartschi1, Strombiformis lina1, "Strombiformis biconica" = Balcis biconica1
"Strombiformis (Polygireulima) spatulata" = Polygireulima1 snail
"Strombiformis biconica" = Balcis biconica1 Gardner 1948 snail
 Epitonioidea - Epitoniidae
 Opisthobranchia - Cylichnidae
Bivalvia
 Nuculida - Nuculidae
"Nucula proxima" = Nucula (Nucula) proxima
"Nucula proxima" = Nucula (Nucula) proxima Say 1820 Atlantic Nut Clam
 Carditida - Carditidae
"Glans (Pleuromeris) tridentata" = Pleuromeris tridentata, "Glans (Pteromeris) perplana" = Pteromeris perplana
"Glans (Pleuromeris) tridentata" = Pleuromeris tridentata Say 1826 clam
Also includes: G. (P.) tridentata
"Glans (Pteromeris) perplana" = Pteromeris perplana Dall 1903 clam
Also includes: G. (P.) perplana abbreviata
 Carditida - Astartidae
"Astarte (Ashtarotha) concentrica" = Astarte concentrica
"Astarte (Ashtarotha) concentrica" = Astarte concentrica Conrad 1834 clam
Also includes: A. (A.) concentrica conradi
 Carditida - Crassatellidae
 Poromyida - Verticordiidae
"Verticordia (Trigonulina) emmonsii" = Trigonulina
"Verticordia (Trigonulina) emmonsii" = Trigonulina clam
 Cardiida - Sportellidae
 Cardiida - Lasaeidae
Aligena rhomboidea aligena clam
 Cardiida - Semelidae
Abra aequalis Say 1822 abra
Ervilia lata clam
Also: Ervilia lata radiata
 Cardiida - Tellinidae
"Tellina (Moerella) dupliniana" = Moerella dupliniana, "Tellina (Moerella) macilenta" = Moerella macilenta
"Tellina (Moerella) dupliniana" = Moerella dupliniana Dall 1900 tellin clam
"Tellina (Moerella) macilenta" = Moerella macilenta Dall 1900 tellin clam
 Cardiida - Donacidae
Donax fossor Say 1822 clam
 Cardiida - Cardiidae
"Trigoniocardia (Americardia) media" = Americardia media Linnaeaus 1758 cockle
 Cardiida - Veneridae
"Venus (Mercenaria) campechiensis" = Mercenaria campechiensis, "Chione (Chione) cribraria" = Chione cribraria, "Chione (Chione) grus" = Timoclea grus, Macrocallista (Costacallista) emmonsi, "Macrocallista reposta" = Macrocallista (Macrocallista) reposta, Gemma magna, Cooperella carpenteri
"Venus (Mercenaria) campechiensis" = Mercenaria campechiensis Gmelin 1791 quahog
Subspecies V. (M.) campechiensis rileyi
"Chione (Chione) cribraria" = Chione cribraria Conrad 1843 venus clam
"Chione (Chione) grus" = Timoclea grus Holmes 1858 venus clam
Macrocallista (Costacallista) emmonsi Gardner 1943 venus clam
"Macrocallista reposta" = Macrocallista (Macrocallista) reposta Conrad 1834 venus clam
Gemma magna Dall 1903 venus clam
 Cardiida - Chamidae
 Cardiida - Ungulinidae
 Cardiida - Mactridae
Mulinia congesta Conrad 1833 clam
Also: Mulinia congesta magnoliana
 Cardiida - Kelliidae
Bornia triangula Glenn 1904 clam
 Cardiida - Erycinidae
 Pholadida - Corbulidae
"Corbula (Caryocorbula) conradi" = Caryocorbula conradi
"Corbula (Caryocorbula) conradi" = Caryocorbula conradi Gardner 1944 clam
Subspecies: C. (C.) conradi retusa
 Lucinida - Lucinidae
"Phacoides (Parvilucina) multilineatus" = Parvilucina multistriata, "Ctena microimbricata" = Ctena (Ctena) microimbricata, "Ctena magnoliana" = Ctena (Ctena) magnoliana, "Ctena speciosa" = Ctena (Ctena) speciosa
"Phacoides (Parvilucina) multilineatus" = Parvilucina multistriata Conrad 1841 clam
"Ctena microimbricata" = Ctena (Ctena) microimbricata Gardner 1943 clam
"Ctena magnoliana" = Ctena (Ctena) magnoliana Dall 1903 clam
"Ctena speciosa" = Ctena (Ctena) speciosa Rogers and Rogers 1837 clam
 Arcida - Glycymerididae
 Arcida - Arcidae
Anadara magnoliana, Anadara callicestosa, "Anadara (Cunearca) scalaris" = Cunearca scalaris, "Anadara lienosa" = Anadara (Rasia) lienosa, "Anadara carolinensis" = Barbatia carolinensis
Anadara magnoliana Gardner 1943 ark
Anadara callicestosa Dall 1898 ark
Subspecies: Anadara callicestosa wilsoni
"Anadara (Cunearca) scalaris" = Cunearca scalaris Conrad 1844 ark
"Anadara lienosa" = Anadara (Rasia) lienosa Say 1832 ark
"Anadara carolinensis" = Barbatia carolinensis Conrad 1849 clam
 Ostreida - Gryphaeidae
"Chama striata" = Nanogyra (Palaeogyra) virgula Deshayes 1831 oyster
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
Amusium mortoni, "Chlamys (Aequipecten) eborea" = Carolinapecten eboreus
Amusium mortoni Ravenel 1844 scallop
"Chlamys (Aequipecten) eborea" = Carolinapecten eboreus Conrad 1833 scallop
 Pectinida - Plicatulidae
"Plicatula marginata" = Plicatula gibbosa
"Plicatula marginata" = Plicatula gibbosa Lamarck 1801 scallop
Foraminifera
 Globigerinoidea - Globigerinidae
"Globigerina apertura" = Globoturborotalita apertura2
"Globigerina apertura" = Globoturborotalita apertura2 Cushman 1918
Triphora dupliniana
  -
"Triphora dupliniana" = Cosmotriphora dupliniana1
"Triphora dupliniana" = Cosmotriphora dupliniana1 Olsson 1916