Lumberton - Duplin Formation (Pliocene of the United States)

Where: Robeson County, North Carolina (34.6° N, 79.0° W: paleocoordinates 34.7° N, 78.4° W)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Duplin Formation, Late/Upper Pliocene (3.6 - 2.6 Ma)

• No lithostratigraphic details or stratigraphic relationships provided in text. From Siple (1957) "The Duplin in South Carolina is considered to be equivalent to the upper Yorktown of Virginia and the Cancellaria biofacies within the Choctawhatchee stage of Florida." AGE: Late Pliocene. Campbell (1974) suggested an age of zone N-20, or about 3.0-3.5 Ma for the type section of the Duplin Fm at Natural Well, late Pliocene age.

• formation-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; unlithified, medium-grained, coarse, shelly/skeletal, gray, blue, calcareous sandstone

• No geologic or paleoenvironmental data reported in text.
• Shelly, medium- to coarse-grained sand, sandy marl, and limestone, bluish gray.

Size class: macrofossils

Reposited in the USNM

• Collections reposited in USNM and USGS collections.

Primary reference: J. A. Gardner. 1943. Mollusca from the Miocene and Lower Pliocene of Virginia and North Carolina. Part 1. Pelecypoda. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 199(A):1-178 [A. Miller/A. Hendy/S. Ávila]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 59309: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 25.03.2006

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• Exhaustive for Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Scaphopoda. Nomenclature is somewhat antiquated but provided to species resolution and authoritative.
Gastropoda
 Epitonioidea - Epitoniidae
 Sorbeoconcha - Littorinidae
"Littorina irrorata" = Littoraria irrorata1
"Littorina irrorata" = Littoraria irrorata1 Say 1822 periwinkle
 Sorbeoconcha - Cypraeidae
"Cypraea (Cypraeorbis) carolinensis" = Akleistostoma carolinensis1
"Cypraea (Cypraeorbis) carolinensis" = Akleistostoma carolinensis1 Conrad 1841 cowry
 Neogastropoda - Olividae
Oliva robesonensis1 olive snail
"Olivella carolinae" = Olivella (Dactylidia) carolinae1 Gardner 1948 olive snail
 Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
 Neogastropoda - Melongenidae
Busycon perversum1 Linnaeus 1758 whelk
Subspecies: B. perversum robesonense
 Neogastropoda - Nassariidae
Ilyanassa isogramma1 Dall 1892 snail
Ilyanassa johnsoni1 Dall 1892 snail
Ilyanassa granifera1 Conrad 1868 snail
Ilyanassa schizopyga1 Dall 1892 snail
Ilyanassa scalaspira1 Conrad 1868 snail
Ilyanassa sexdentata1 Conrad 1843 snail
Ilyanassa irrorata1 Conrad 1863 snail
"Uzita vibex" = Nassarius (Uzita)1 snail
Uzita neogenensis1 Gardner and Aldrich 1919 snail
 Neogastropoda - Columbellidae
"Anachis (Thiarinella) styliola" = Metulella (Thiarinella)1
"Anachis (Thiarinella) styliola" = Metulella (Thiarinella)1 snail
 Neogastropoda - Muricidae
Urosalpinx trossula1 murex snail
Urosalpinx phrikna1 murex snail
Urosalpinx stimpsoni1 murex snail
 Neogastropoda - Terebridae
"Terebra (Strioterebrum) neglecta" = Strioterebrum1, "Terebra (Strioterebrum) robesonensis" = Strioterebrum1, Terebra (Paraterebra) unilineata1
"Terebra (Strioterebrum) neglecta" = Strioterebrum1 auger snail
"Terebra (Strioterebrum) robesonensis" = Strioterebrum1 auger snail
 Heterostropha - Architectonicidae
Bivalvia
 Cardiida - Chamidae
 Cardiida - Veneridae
Gemma magna, "Callocardia (Agriopoma) sayana" = Pitar morrhuanus, "Macrocallista reposta" = Macrocallista (Macrocallista) reposta, "Venus (Mercenaria) campechiensis" = Mercenaria campechiensis, "Chione (Chione) grus" = Timoclea grus, "Chione (Chione) cribraria" = Chione cribraria, Dosinia (Dosinidia) elegans, Petricola (Petricolaria) carolinensis
Gemma magna Dall 1903 venus clam
Subspecies: G. magna majorina and insulcata
"Callocardia (Agriopoma) sayana" = Pitar morrhuanus Dall 1902 venus clam
"Macrocallista reposta" = Macrocallista (Macrocallista) reposta Conrad 1834 venus clam
"Venus (Mercenaria) campechiensis" = Mercenaria campechiensis Gmelin 1791 quahog
Subspecies V. (M.) campechiensis rileyi
"Chione (Chione) grus" = Timoclea grus Holmes 1858 venus clam
"Chione (Chione) cribraria" = Chione cribraria Conrad 1843 venus clam
Dosinia (Dosinidia) elegans Conrad 1838 venus clam
 Cardiida - Mactridae
Mulinia congesta, "Spisula solidissima" = Hemimactra solidissima2
Mulinia congesta Conrad 1833 clam
"Spisula solidissima" = Hemimactra solidissima2 Dilwyn 1817 clam
 Cardiida - Corbiculidae
 Cardiida - Kelliidae
Bornia triangula Glenn 1904 clam
 Cardiida - Tellinidae
"Macoma carolinensis" = Macoma (Macoma) carolinensis, "Tellina (Moerella) macilenta" = Moerella macilenta, "Tellina (Moerella) dupliniana" = Moerella dupliniana
"Macoma carolinensis" = Macoma (Macoma) carolinensis Gardner and Aldrich 1919 tellin clam
"Tellina (Moerella) macilenta" = Moerella macilenta Dall 1900 tellin clam
"Tellina (Moerella) dupliniana" = Moerella dupliniana Dall 1900 tellin clam
 Cardiida - Donacidae
Donax emmonsi clam
Also includes: D. emmonsi preaequilibrata
 Cardiida - Semelidae
Abra aequalis Say 1822 abra
Also includes: Abra aequalis deltoidea
 Lucinida - Lucinidae
"Phacoides (Cardiolucina) trisulcatus" = Cavilinga trisulcata, "Phacoides (Parvilucina) multilineatus" = Parvilucina multistriata
"Phacoides (Cardiolucina) trisulcatus" = Cavilinga trisulcata Conrad 1841 clam
Subspecies: P. (C.) trisulcatus multistriatus
"Phacoides (Parvilucina) multilineatus" = Parvilucina multistriata Conrad 1841 clam
 Carditida - Crassatellidae
 Carditida - Carditidae
"Glans (Pleuromeris) tridentata" = Pleuromeris tridentata, "Glans (Pteromeris) perplana" = Pteromeris perplana
"Glans (Pleuromeris) tridentata" = Pleuromeris tridentata Say 1826 clam
Subspecies: G. (P.) tridentata decemcostata
"Glans (Pteromeris) perplana" = Pteromeris perplana Dall 1903 clam
Also includes: G. (P.) perplana abbreviata
 Carditida - Astartidae
Astarte (Ashtarotha) undulata, "Astarte (Ashtarotha) concentrica" = Astarte concentrica
"Astarte (Ashtarotha) concentrica" = Astarte concentrica Conrad 1834 clam
Also includes: A. (A.) concentrica conradi
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
"Chlamys (Aequipecten) eborea" = Carolinapecten eboreus
"Chlamys (Aequipecten) eborea" = Carolinapecten eboreus Conrad 1833 scallop
 Pectinida - Plicatulidae
"Plicatula marginata" = Plicatula gibbosa
"Plicatula marginata" = Plicatula gibbosa Lamarck 1801 scallop
 Ostreida - Gryphaeidae
"Chama striata" = Nanogyra (Palaeogyra) virgula Deshayes 1831 oyster
 Arcida - Glycymerididae
Glycymeris americana Defrance 1826 clam