Fairmont - Duplin Formation (Pliocene of the United States)

Where: Robeson County, North Carolina (34.5° N, 79.1° W: paleocoordinates 34.6° N, 78.5° W)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Duplin Formation, Late/Upper Pliocene (3.6 - 2.6 Ma)

• No lithostratigraphic details or stratigraphic relationships provided in text. From Siple (1957) "The Duplin in South Carolina is considered to be equivalent to the upper Yorktown of Virginia and the Cancellaria biofacies within the Choctawhatchee stage of Florida." AGE: Late Pliocene. Campbell (1974) suggested an age of zone N-20, or about 3.0-3.5 Ma for the type section of the Duplin Fm at Natural Well, late Pliocene age.

• formation-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; unlithified, medium-grained, coarse, shelly/skeletal, gray, blue, calcareous sandstone

• No geologic or paleoenvironmental data reported in text.
• Shelly, medium- to coarse-grained sand, sandy marl, and limestone, bluish gray.

Size class: macrofossils

Reposited in the USNM

• Collections reposited in USNM and USGS collections.

Primary reference: J. A. Gardner. 1943. Mollusca from the Miocene and Lower Pliocene of Virginia and North Carolina. Part 1. Pelecypoda. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 199(A):1-178 [A. Miller/A. Hendy/S. Ávila]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 59310: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 25.03.2006

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• Exhaustive for Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Scaphopoda. Nomenclature is somewhat antiquated but provided to species resolution and authoritative.
Gastropoda
 Cerithioidea - Turritellidae
Vermicularia spirata1 Philippi 1836 turret shell
 Epitonioidea - Epitoniidae
 Neogastropoda - Columbellidae
"Mitrella lunata" = Astyris lunata1
"Mitrella lunata" = Astyris lunata1 Say 1826 snail
 Neogastropoda - Nassariidae
Ilyanassa scalaspira1 Conrad 1868 snail
Ilyanassa schizopyga1 Dall 1892 snail
Ilyanassa johnsoni1 Dall 1892 snail
 Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
 Neogastropoda - Melongenidae
Busycon perversum1 Linnaeus 1758 whelk
Subspecies: B. perversum robesonense
 Neogastropoda - Clathurellidae
Glyphostoma zoster1 snail
Subspecies: G. zoster phroudon
 Neogastropoda - Terebridae
"Terebra (Strioterebrum) carolinensis" = Strioterebrum1, Terebra (Paraterebra) unilineata1
"Terebra (Strioterebrum) carolinensis" = Strioterebrum1 auger snail
 Neogastropoda - Muricidae
Urosalpinx trossula1 murex snail
Urosalpinx phrikna1 murex snail
Urosalpinx perrugata1 Conrad 1846 murex snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Cypraeidae
"Cypraea (Cypraeorbis) carolinensis" = Akleistostoma carolinensis1
"Cypraea (Cypraeorbis) carolinensis" = Akleistostoma carolinensis1 Conrad 1841 cowry
 Sorbeoconcha - Cassidae
"Sconsia hodgei" = Sconsia hodgii1
"Sconsia hodgei" = Sconsia hodgii1 Conrad 1841 snail
[entered as Sconsia hodgii]
 Sorbeoconcha - Vermetidae
Lemintina granifera1 worm shell
Subspecies: L. granifera tenera
Bivalvia
 Nuculanida - Yoldiidae
Yoldia laevis Say 1824 clam
 Nuculida - Nuculidae
"Nucula proxima" = Nucula (Nucula) proxima
"Nucula proxima" = Nucula (Nucula) proxima Say 1820 Atlantic Nut Clam
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
"Chlamys (Aequipecten) eborea" = Carolinapecten eboreus, "Pecten (Euvola) raveneli" = Euvola raveneli
"Chlamys (Aequipecten) eborea" = Carolinapecten eboreus Conrad 1833 scallop
"Pecten (Euvola) raveneli" = Euvola raveneli Dall 1898 scallop
 Pectinida - Plicatulidae
"Plicatula marginata" = Plicatula gibbosa
"Plicatula marginata" = Plicatula gibbosa Lamarck 1801 scallop
 Ostreida - Gryphaeidae
"Chama striata" = Nanogyra (Palaeogyra) virgula Deshayes 1831 oyster
 Arcida - Arcidae
"Anadara lienosa" = Anadara (Rasia) lienosa
"Anadara lienosa" = Anadara (Rasia) lienosa Say 1832 ark
 Cardiida - Sportellidae
 Cardiida - Semelidae
Abra aequalis Say 1822 abra
Semele subovata Say 1824 clam
 Cardiida - Donacidae
Donax emmonsi clam
Also includes: D. emmonsi preaequilibrata
Donax fossor Say 1822 clam
 Cardiida - Tellinidae
"Tellina (Moerella) dupliniana" = Moerella dupliniana, "Tellina (Moerella) macilenta" = Moerella macilenta
"Tellina (Moerella) dupliniana" = Moerella dupliniana Dall 1900 tellin clam
"Tellina (Moerella) macilenta" = Moerella macilenta Dall 1900 tellin clam
 Cardiida - Ungulinidae
 Cardiida - Veneridae
"Venus (Mercenaria) campechiensis" = Mercenaria campechiensis, "Callocardia (Agriopoma) sayana" = Pitar morrhuanus, Petricola (Petricolaria) carolinensis, "Macrocallista reposta" = Macrocallista (Macrocallista) reposta, Gemma magna
"Venus (Mercenaria) campechiensis" = Mercenaria campechiensis Gmelin 1791 quahog
Subspecies V. (M.) campechiensis rileyi
"Callocardia (Agriopoma) sayana" = Pitar morrhuanus Dall 1902 venus clam
"Macrocallista reposta" = Macrocallista (Macrocallista) reposta Conrad 1834 venus clam
Gemma magna Dall 1903 venus clam
 Cardiida - Mactridae
"Spisula (Hemimactra) modicella" = Hemimactra, "Spisula solidissima" = Hemimactra solidissima2, Mulinia congesta
"Spisula (Hemimactra) modicella" = Hemimactra clam
Subspecies: S. (H.) modicella alta
"Spisula solidissima" = Hemimactra solidissima2 Dilwyn 1817 clam
Mulinia congesta Conrad 1833 clam
 Thraciida - Thraciidae
"Thracia conradi" = Thracia (Homoeodesma) conradi
"Thracia conradi" = Thracia (Homoeodesma) conradi Couthouy 1839 clam
 Lucinida - Lucinidae
"Phacoides (Cardiolucina) trisulcatus" = Cavilinga trisulcata
"Phacoides (Cardiolucina) trisulcatus" = Cavilinga trisulcata Conrad 1841 clam
Subspecies: P. (C.) trisulcatus multistriatus
 Carditida - Crassatellidae
Crassinella lunulata Conrad 1834 clam
 Carditida - Carditidae
"Glans (Pteromeris) abbreviata" = Pteromeris, "Glans (Pleuromeris) tridentata" = Pleuromeris tridentata
"Glans (Pteromeris) abbreviata" = Pteromeris clam
Subspecies: G. (P.) perplana abbreviata
"Glans (Pleuromeris) tridentata" = Pleuromeris tridentata Say 1826 clam
Subspecies: G. (P.) tridentata decemcostata
 Carditida - Astartidae
"Astarte (Ashtarotha) concentrica" = Astarte concentrica
"Astarte (Ashtarotha) concentrica" = Astarte concentrica Conrad 1834 clam
Also includes: A. (A.) concentrica conradi