Hitz Bed, sample 4 (HW4), Upper Whitewater Formation, Madison, IN (Ordovician of the United States)

Where: Indiana (38.8° N, 85.4° W: paleocoordinates 25.6° S, 59.0° W)

• coordinate estimated from map

• hand sample-level geographic resolution

When: Hitz Member (Upper Whitewater Formation), Ashgill (449.5 - 443.7 Ma)

• Late Richmondian age. Sample #4 collected. Details on stratigraphy and sedimentation (lithology), and additional details of gastropod and bivalve fauna are included from Novack-Gottshall and Miller (2003) [PBDB reference #18186] and field notes.

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: lagoonal or restricted shallow subtidal; lithified, shelly/skeletal, gray wackestone and lithified, shelly/skeletal, gray packstone

• Sequence C6 (from Holland and Patzkowsky, 1996)
• Very thin-bedded, fossiliferous wackestone/packstone bed

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Preservation: cast, mold/impression, recrystallized, original calcite, replaced with calcite

Collection methods: bulk, mechanical,

• Bulk collection made in field and weighed, cleaned, prepped, and identified in lab at University of Cincinnati. Sample weighed 1.4248 Kg. 82 specimens counted; 75 individuals estimated (using half of total disarticulated specimens with two parts plus number of articulated/intact specimens). Taxa counted using percent-coverage not included in this tally. Trepostome bryozoans were counted as estimated percent cover using standard percent cover reference chart.

Primary reference: P. M. Novack-Gottshall. 1999. Comparative geographic and environmental diversity dynamics of gastropods and bivalves during the Ordovician Radiation (M.S. thesis, University of Cincinnati). 1-191 [P. Novack-Gottshall/P. Novack-Gottshall/P. Novack-Gottshall]more details

Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis

PaleoDB collection 64164: authorized by Phil Novack-Gottshall, entered by Phil Novack-Gottshall on 03.09.2006

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• Representative samples (standards) of species used for taxonomic identification reference are stored at the University of Cincinnati.
Cephalopoda
 Orthocerida - Proteoceratidae
Gorbyoceras hammelli Foerste 1910
3 phragmocones, all recrystallized
Gastropoda
 Euomphalina - Holopeidae
? Holopea sp. Hall 1847 snail
10 intact shells, all recrystallized
 Bellerophontida - Bellerophontidae
Sphenosphaera ? mohri Miller 1874 snail
2 intact shells, all recrystallized
 Bellerophontida - Bucaniidae
"Bucania crassa" = Loxobucania crassa
"Bucania crassa" = Loxobucania crassa Ulrich and Scofield 1897 snail
3 intact shells, all internal molds
 Murchisoniina - Lophospiridae
Lophospiridae indet. Wenz 1938 snail
44 intact shells, all recrystallized, shell is short and selenizonate
Bivalvia
 Nuculida - Cardiolariidae
Deceptrix ? decipiens clam
10 disarticulated valves, all internal molds
 Modiomorphida - Allodesmatidae
Ischyrodonta decipiens clam
3 disarticulated valves, all recrystallized
 Actinodontida - Cycloconchidae
Cycloconcha ? milleri clam
5 disarticulated valves, recrystallized, molds, and cast (inferred from bryozoan encrustation)
Rhynchonellata
 Orthida - Platystrophiidae
Platystrophia sp. King 1850
1 valve, recrystallized
Stenolaemata
 Trepostomata - Halloporidae
Halloporidae indet. Bassler 1911
Short, massive, stunted halloporid trepostome
Anthozoa
 Stauriida - Streptelasmatidae
Grewingkia canadensis Billings 1862 horn coral
1 corallum, recrystallized