Marble Hill Limestone, sample 4 (MH4), Lower Whitewater Formation, Bedford, KY (Ordovician of the United States)

Where: Kentucky (38.6° N, 85.3° W: paleocoordinates 25.8° S, 59.1° W)

• coordinate estimated from map

• hand sample-level geographic resolution

When: Marble Hill Limestone Member (Lower Whitewater Formation), Ashgill (449.5 - 443.7 Ma)

• Middle Richmondian age. Sample #4 collected by Shuguang Mao. Details on stratigraphy and sedimentation (lithology), and additional details of gastropod and bivalve fauna are included from Novack-Gottshall and Miller (2003) [PBDB reference #18186] and field notes.

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: sand shoal; lithified, dolomitic, shelly/skeletal, white grainstone

• Sequence C5 (from Holland and Patzkowsky, 1996). Tidal channel-bar complex.
• Heavily recrystallized, partly dolomitic, skeletal (gastropod-rich) packstone

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Preservation: mold/impression, recrystallized, original calcite, replaced with calcite, replaced with dolomite

Collection methods: bulk, mechanical,

• Bulk collection made in field by Shuguang Mao and weighed, cleaned, prepped, and identified in lab at University of Cincinnati. Sample weighed 3769 g; outer surfaces samples, 116 square-inches (=748 square-cm). 97 specimens counted; 97 individuals estimated (using half of total disarticulated specimens with two parts plus number of articulated/intact specimens). Taxa counted using percent-coverage not included in this tally. Bivalves and brachiopods were counted as estimated percent cover using standard percent cover reference chart.

Primary reference: P. M. Novack-Gottshall. 1999. Comparative geographic and environmental diversity dynamics of gastropods and bivalves during the Ordovician Radiation (M.S. thesis, University of Cincinnati). 1-191 [P. Novack-Gottshall/P. Novack-Gottshall/P. Novack-Gottshall]more details

Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis

PaleoDB collection 64169: authorized by Phil Novack-Gottshall, entered by Phil Novack-Gottshall on 03.09.2006

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• Representative samples (standards) of species used for taxonomic identification reference are stored at the University of Cincinnati.
Brachiopoda
  -
Rhynchonelliformea indet. Williams et al. 1996
Indeterminate brachiopod fragments, recrystallized
Strophomenata
 Strophomenida - Rafinesquinidae
Rafinesquina alternata Conrad 1838
2 distinct valves, recrystallized
Bivalvia
  -
Bivalvia indet. Linnaeus 1758 clam
Indeterminate bivalve fragments, recrystallized
 Myalinida - Ambonychiidae
Ambonychia sp. Hall 1847 clam
1 valve, recrystallized
 Modiomorphida - Modiomorphidae
? Modiolopsis modiolaris Conrad 1838 clam
1 valve, recrystallized
Cephalopoda
 Orthocerida - Orthoceratidae
? Orthoceratidae indet. M'Coy 1844
3 phragmocones, all recrystallized
Gastropoda
 Murchisoniina - Lophospiridae
"Lophospira bowdeni" = Paupospira bowdeni
"Lophospira bowdeni" = Paupospira bowdeni Safford 1869 snail
90 shells, all internal molds (steinkerns)