D56, Cassian bulk collection (Triassic of Italy)

Also known as Reef 162

Where: Italy (46.6° N, 12.2° E: paleocoordinates 12.4° N, 20.3° E)

• coordinate based on unpublished field data

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Cassian Formation, Julian (235.0 - 232.0 Ma)

• Age range indicated as Langobardian ton ?Julian, now confirmed to be early Carnian (Cordevolian)

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: reef, buildup or bioherm; lithified limestone

• Patch reefs on extensive carbonate platform
• Small patch reefs, laterally grading in to oolitic limestones. Material supposedly stems from reefs, although it was mostly collected from marly interbeds.

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: original aragonite, original calcite

Collection methods: bulk,

Primary reference: F. T. Fürsich and J. Wendt. 1977. Biostratinomy and palaeoecology of the Cassian Formation (Triassic) of the Southern Alps. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 22:257-323 [W. Kiessling/W. Kiessling/W. Kiessling]more details

Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis

PaleoDB collection 69661: authorized by Wolfgang Kiessling, entered by Wolfgang Kiessling on 01.03.2007

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• Taxonomy has not been revised since 1977
Show authors, comments, and common names
unclassified
  -
Emargulina muensteri
Crinoidea
 Encrinida - Encrinidae
Encrinus cancellistriatus, "Entrochus cassianus" = Chelocrinus cassianus, "Encrinus granulosus" = Zardinicrinus granulosus
"Entrochus cassianus" = Chelocrinus cassianus Laube 1865 Sea lily
"Encrinus granulosus" = Zardinicrinus granulosus Münster 1834 Sea lily
 Isocrinida - Isocrinidae
Isocrinus candelabrum, Isocrinus sassostriensis, Isocrinus "sp. A"
Isocrinus "sp. A" von Meyer 1836 Sea lily
Echinoidea
  -
"Cidaris" seelandica, "Cidaris" waechteri, "Cidaris" biconica, "Cidaris" costata, "Cidaris" fustis
"Cidaris" seelandica Zardini 1973 sea urchin
"Cidaris" waechteri Wissmann 1841 sea urchin
"Cidaris" biconica Zardini 1973 sea urchin
"Cidaris" costata Zardini 1973 sea urchin
"Cidaris" fustis Laube 1865 sea urchin
 Cidaroida - Cidaridae
"Cidaris" alata, "Cidaris" liagora, "Cidaris" admeto, Balanocidaris dorsata
"Cidaris" alata Agassiz 1839 pencil urchin
"Cidaris" liagora Münster 1841 pencil urchin
"Cidaris" admeto Braun 1841 pencil urchin
Balanocidaris dorsata pencil urchin
  -
"Cidaris" scrobiculata, "Cidaris" hausmanni
"Cidaris" scrobiculata Braun 1841 sea urchin
"Cidaris" hausmanni Wissmann 1841 sea urchin
Brachiopoda
  -
Brachiopoda indet.
Brachiopoda indet. Cuvier 1805
Rhynchonellata
 Athyridida - Koninckinidae
Amphiclina speciosa
 Athyridida - Retziidae
"Retzia" humboldtii, "Retzia" klipsteini, "Retzia" procerrima
"Retzia" procerrima Klipstein 1843
 Athyridida - Neoretziidae
""Retzia" lyrata" = Cassianospira lyrata
""Retzia" lyrata" = Cassianospira lyrata Münster 1841
 Athyridida - Diplospirellidae
Diplospirella sp., Diplospirella sufflata, Diplospirella wissmanni
Diplospirella sp. Bittner 1890
Diplospirella sufflata Verneuil 1855
Diplospirella wissmanni Münster 1841
 Thecideida - Thecospiridae
Thecospira sp., Thecospira tirolensis
Thecospira sp. Zugmayer 1882
Thecospira tirolensis Loretz 1875
 Terebratulida - Terebratulidae
"Terebratula" pleurocoela, "Terebratula" tenella
 Terebratulida - Zeilleriidae
Aulacothyris sp.
Aulacothyris sp. Douville 1880
 Spiriferinida - Bittnerulidae
? Bittnerula sp., Bittnerula zitteli
? Bittnerula sp. Hall and Clarke 1894
Bittnerula zitteli Bittner 1890
 Spiriferinida - Spiriferinidae
"Spiriferina" cf. fortis
 Rhynchonellida - Rhynchonellidae
"Rhynchonella" distinguenda, "Rhynchonella" sp., "Rhynchonella" linguligera, "Rhynchonella" subacuta
"Rhynchonella" sp. Fischer 1809
"Rhynchonella" subacuta Münster 1841
Scaphopoda
 Dentaliida - Dentaliidae
Dentalium sp.
Dentalium sp. Linnaeus 1758 tusk shell
Bivalvia
  -
Bivalvia indet.
Bivalvia indet. Linnaeus 1758 clam
 Mytilida - Mytilidae
Modiolus gracilis
 Pterioida - Prospondylidea
Terquemia sp.
Terquemia sp. Tate 1868 clam
 Arcida - Parallelodontidae
Parallelodon formosissima, Parallelodon imbricarium, Parallelodon sp.
Parallelodon sp. Meek and Worthen 1866 clam
 Ostreida - Ostreidae
"Ostrea" sp.
"Ostrea" sp. Linnaeus 1758 oyster
 Ostreida - Pteriidae
Pteria cf. caudata, Pteria sp., Pteria cassiana
Pteria cf. caudata pearl oyster
Pteria sp. Scopoli 1777 pearl oyster
Pteria cassiana Bittner 1895 pearl oyster
 Ostreida - Malleidae
? Isognomon sp.
? Isognomon sp. Lightfoot 1786 oyster
 Ostreida - Cassianellidae
Cassianella ampezzana, Cassianella beyrichii
Cassianella ampezzana Bittner 1895 oyster
Cassianella beyrichii Bittner 1895 oyster
 Ostreida - Bakevelliidae
Cultriopsis angusta, Cultriopsis angulata
Cultriopsis angusta Munster 1838 oyster
 Pectinida - Dimyidae
"? Dimyodon sp." = Atreta
"? Dimyodon sp." = Atreta Etallon 1862 scallop
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
"Pecten" sp.
"Pecten" sp. Müller 1776 scallop
 Pectinida - Plicatulidae
Plicatula sp., "Plicatula imago" = Plicatula (Eoplicatula) imago
Plicatula sp. Lamarck 1801 scallop
"Plicatula imago" = Plicatula (Eoplicatula) imago Bittner 1895 scallop
 Pectinida - Limidae
"Eolimea margineplicata" = Limea (Eolimea), "Lima" sp., Mysidioptera sp.
"Eolimea margineplicata" = Limea (Eolimea) file clam
"Lima" sp. Bruguière 1797 file clam
Mysidioptera sp. Salomon 1895 file clam
 Carditida - Myophoricardiidae
Myophoriopis sp.
Myophoriopis sp. von Wöhrmann 1889 clam
 Lucinida - Lucinidae
? Schafhaeutlia sp.
? Schafhaeutlia sp. Cossmann 1897 clam
 Cardiida - Palaeocarditidae
Palaeocardita beneckei
 Cardiida - Cardiidae
"Palaeocardita crenata" = Septocardia crenata
"Palaeocardita crenata" = Septocardia crenata Goldfuss 1837 cockle
 Megalodontida - Megalodontidae
Megalodon sp., "Megalodon rimosus" = Pachyrisma rimosum
Megalodon sp. Sowerby 1827 clam
"Megalodon rimosus" = Pachyrisma rimosum Münster 1841 clam
 Megalodontida - Dicerocardiidae
Physocardia sp.
Physocardia sp. Wöhrmann 1894 clam
 Trigoniida - Myophoriidae
Gruenewaldia decussata
Gruenewaldia decussata Munster 1838 clam
 Nuculanida - Nuculanidae
Nuculana sulcellata
Nuculana sulcellata pointed nut clam
 Nuculida - Nuculidae
"Palaeonucula strigillata" = Palaeonucula strigilata
"Palaeonucula strigillata" = Palaeonucula strigilata Goldfuss 1837 nut clam
Gastropoda
  -
Gastropoda indet.
Gastropoda indet. Cuvier 1795 snail
 Seguenzioidea - Eucyclidae
Eucycloscala ornata, Eucycloscala sp., Eucycloscala damesi
Eucycloscala sp. Cossmann 1895 snail
Eucycloscala damesi Kittl 1892 snail
 Seguenzioidea - Eunemopsidae
Eunemopsis dolomitica
Eunemopsis dolomitica Kittl 1891 snail
 Seguenzioidea - Laubellidae
Laubella delicata
Laubella delicata Laube 1868 snail
 Schizogonioidea - Pseudowortheniellidae
"Worthenia rarissima" = Pseudowortheniella rarissima
"Worthenia rarissima" = Pseudowortheniella rarissima Kittl 1891 snail
 Trochoidea - Turbinidae
"Turbo" sp.
"Turbo" sp. Linnaeus 1758 snail
 Trochoidea - Trochidae
Anticonulus ogilviae
 Heterostrophia -
Spirocyclina eucycla
Spirocyclina eucycla Laube 1869 snail
 Neritoina - Tricolnaticopsidae
"Naticopsis uhligi" = Pachyomphalus uhligi
"Naticopsis uhligi" = Pachyomphalus uhligi Kittl 1892 snail
 Neritoina - Delphinulopsidae
Delphinulopsis pustulosa
Delphinulopsis pustulosa Munster 1841 snail
 Neritoina - Fedaiellidae
"Naticopsis neritacea" = Fedaiella neritacea
"Naticopsis neritacea" = Fedaiella neritacea Münster 1841 snail
 Neritoina - Palaeonaricidae
Palaeonarica cf. pyrulaeformis
Palaeonarica cf. pyrulaeformis Klipstein 1843 snail
 Neritoina - Neritopsidae
Neritopsis sp., "Neritopsis decussata" = Cassianopsis decussata, "Neritopsis armata" = Cassianopsis armata
Neritopsis sp. Grateloup 1832 snail
"Neritopsis decussata" = Cassianopsis decussata Münster 1841 snail
"Neritopsis armata" = Cassianopsis armata Münster 1841 snail
 Heterostropha - Mathildidae
Teretrina bolina
 Heterostropha - Anoptychiidae
Anoptychia multitorquata
Anoptychia multitorquata Münster 1841 snail
 Heterostropha - Gordenellidae
Promathildia subnodosa, Promathildia colon
Promathildia subnodosa Münster 1841 snail
Promathildia colon Münster 1841 snail
 Heterostropha - Trachoecidae
Trachoecus gemmellaroi
Trachoecus gemmellaroi Kittl 1894 snail
 Murchisoniina - Zygopleuridae
Hypsipleura subnodosa, "Zygopleura tenuis" = Ampezzopleura tenuis, Allostrophia perversa
Hypsipleura subnodosa Klipstein 1843 snail
"Zygopleura tenuis" = Ampezzopleura tenuis Münster 1841 snail
Allostrophia perversa Münster 1841 snail
 Murchisoniina - Wortheniellidae
"Worthenia coralliophila" = Wortheniella coralliophila, "Worthenia coronata" = Rinaldoella coronata, "Worthenia muensteri" = Rinaldoella muensteri
"Worthenia coralliophila" = Wortheniella coralliophila Kittl 1891 snail
"Worthenia coronata" = Rinaldoella coronata Münster 1841 snail
"Worthenia muensteri" = Rinaldoella muensteri Klipstein 1843 snail
 Neritoidea - Neritariidae
""Natica" neritina" = Dentineritaria neritina, Neritaria mandelslohi
""Natica" neritina" = Dentineritaria neritina Münster 1841 snail
Neritaria mandelslohi Klipstein 1843 snail
 Neritoidea - Naticopsidae
Naticopsis sp., Naticopsis subelongata, Naticopsis expansa, Naticopsis laubei
Naticopsis sp. M'Coy 1844 snail
Naticopsis expansa Laube 1868 snail
Naticopsis laubei Kittl 1892 snail
 Caenogastropoda - Coelostylinidae
Pseudochrysalis sp., Coelostylina sp., Coelostylina crassa, Coelostylina cochlea, Coelostylina conica, Trypanostylus semiglaber, Trypanostylus konincki, Trypanostylus curretensis
Pseudochrysalis sp. Kittl 1894 snail
Coelostylina sp. Kittl 1894 snail
Coelostylina crassa Münster 1841 snail
Coelostylina cochlea Münster 1841 snail
Coelostylina conica Münster 1841 snail
Trypanostylus konincki Münster 1841 snail
Trypanostylus curretensis Kittl 1894 snail
 Zygopleuroidea - Protorculidae
Protorcula subpunctata, Protorcula excavata
Protorcula subpunctata Münster 1841 snail
Protorcula excavata Laube 1868 snail
 Cerithioidea - Prostyliferidae
Ptychostoma mojsisovicsi
Ptychostoma mojsisovicsi Kittl 1892 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Purpurinidae
Angularia pleurotomaria, Angularia subpleurotomaria
Angularia subpleurotomaria Münster 1841 periwinkle
 Sorbeoconcha - Naticidae
"Natica" transiens, "Naticella ? triadica" = Polinices
"Natica" transiens Kittl 1892 moon snail
"Naticella ? triadica" = Polinices moon snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Settsassiidae
Katosira sp., Katosira seelandica, Katosira cassiana
Katosira sp. Koken 1892 snail
Katosira seelandica Kittl 1894 snail
Katosira cassiana Kittl 1894 snail
 Neogastropoda - Maturifusidae
Palaeotriton macrostoma
Palaeotriton macrostoma Kittl 1894 snail
 Pseudomelanoidea - Pseudomelaniidae
Pseudomelania hagenowi, "Oonia miles" = Pseudomelania (Oonia)
Pseudomelania hagenowi Klipstein 1843 snail
"Oonia miles" = Pseudomelania (Oonia) snail
 Architaenioglossa - Ampullinidae
"Ampullina" "sp. A", "Pseudamaura paludinaris" = Ampullina (Pseudamaura)
"Ampullina" "sp. A" Férussac 1822 snail
"Pseudamaura paludinaris" = Ampullina (Pseudamaura) snail