Gaj beds - Variegated shales west of Bhagothoro (Miocene of Pakistan)

Where: Pakistan (25.5° N, 69.0° E: paleocoordinates 19.5° N, 68.4° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Gaj Formation, Early/Lower Miocene (23.0 - 16.0 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From the lowermost part of the upper Gaj beds, which regionally overlie the Nari beds (Oligocene) and are overlain by the Middle-Late Miocene Mekran beds. AGE: upper Early Miocene, based on similarity with European faunas of Burdigalian age. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: lower part of the upper Gaj beds.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; poorly lithified shale

• ENVIRONMENT: Not stated in text, but presumably shallow shelf siliciclastic.
• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Variegated shales. LITHIFICATION: Poorly-lithified, based on figured specimens.

Size class: macrofossils

Collected by Vredenburg

Collection methods: surface (in situ),

• COLLECTORS: Multiple collectors including W. Blanford, Wynne, Hira Lal, Ram Singh, and Noetling (staff of Geological Survey of India) during the early 1900's. REPOSITORY: Geological Survey of India, with voucher specimens possibly at the BMNH.

Primary reference: E. Vredenburg. 1925. Description of Mollusca from the post-Eocene Tertiary formation of north-western India: Cephalopoda, Opisthobranchiata, Siphonostomata. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 50(1):1-350 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 77160: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 21.12.2007

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Exhaustive for gastropoda, bivalvia, and scaphopoda. NOMENCLATURE: Antiquated, but from an authoritative publication, with use of species and subgenus resolution assignments. Nomenclature can be updated through reference to Harzhauser and Swarko publications.
Gastropoda
 Sorbeoconcha - Cypraeidae
"Cypraea (Bernayia) humerosa" = Barycypraea humerosa
"Cypraea (Bernayia) humerosa" = Barycypraea humerosa Sowerby 1839 cowry
 Neogastropoda - Turbinellidae
Turbinella premekranica Vredenburg 1925 snail
Bivalvia
 Ostreida - Ostreidae
"Ostrea angulata" = Crassostrea angulata
"Ostrea angulata" = Crassostrea angulata Sowerby 1840 oyster
 Arcida - Arcidae
Arca larkhanaensis d'Archaic 1850 ark
"Arca semitorta" = Trisidos semitorta Lamarck 1819 clam