Gaj beds - Warsar, Kachh (Miocene of Pakistan)

Where: Pakistan (23.3° N, 68.8° E: paleocoordinates 17.4° N, 67.8° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Gaj Formation, Early/Lower Miocene (23.0 - 16.0 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From the lower Gaj beds, which regionally overlie the Nari beds (Oligocene) and are overlain by the Middle-Late Miocene Mekran beds. AGE: lower Early Miocene, based on similarity with European faunas of Aquitanian age. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: from the lower Gaj beds.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; poorly lithified siliciclastic sediments

• ENVIRONMENT: Not stated in text, but presumably shallow shelf siliciclastic.
• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Unknown, but presumably siliciclastic. LITHIFICATION: Poorly-lithified, based on figured specimens.

Size class: macrofossils

Collected by Vredenburg

Collection methods: surface (in situ),

• COLLECTORS: Multiple collectors including W. Blanford, Wynne, Hira Lal, Ram Singh, and Noetling (staff of Geological Survey of India) during the early 1900's. REPOSITORY: Geological Survey of India, with voucher specimens possibly at the BMNH.

Primary reference: E. Vredenburg. 1925. Description of Mollusca from the post-Eocene Tertiary formation of north-western India: Cephalopoda, Opisthobranchiata, Siphonostomata. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 50(1):1-350 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 77169: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 21.12.2007

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Exhaustive for gastropoda, bivalvia, and scaphopoda. NOMENCLATURE: Antiquated, but from an authoritative publication, with use of species and subgenus resolution assignments. Nomenclature can be updated through reference to Harzhauser and Swarko publications.
Gastropoda
 Heterostropha - Architectonicidae
"Solarium affine" = Architectonica affinis2
"Solarium affine" = Architectonica affinis2 Sowerby 1840 sundial
 Pseudomelanoidea - Pseudomelaniidae
"Drillia (Crassispira) kachhensis" = Crassispira kachhensis
"Drillia (Crassispira) kachhensis" = Crassispira kachhensis Vredenburg 1925 snail
 Epitonioidea - Epitoniidae
"Scala (Clathrus) gajensis" = Clathrus gajensis2
"Scala (Clathrus) gajensis" = Clathrus gajensis2 Vredenburg 1928 wentletrap
 Cerithioidea - Cerithiidae
Cerithium (Ptychocerithium) rude Sowerby 1840 cerith snail
 Cerithioidea - Turritellidae
Turritella kachhensis1, "Turritella angulata" = Kapalmerella ranikoti2
Turritella kachhensis1 Vredenburg 1928 turret shell
"Turritella angulata" = Kapalmerella ranikoti2 Vredenburg 1928 turret shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Ficidae
"Pirula kachhensis" = Ficus kachhensis
"Pirula kachhensis" = Ficus kachhensis Vredenburg 1925 fig shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Strombidae
"Rostellaria protofusus" = Tibia protofusus
"Rostellaria protofusus" = Tibia protofusus Vredenburg 1928 true conch
 Neogastropoda - Volutidae
"Lyria jugosa" = Lyria (Harpeola) jugosa Sowerby 1839 volute
Athleta (Volutospina) dentata Sowerby 1839 volute
 Neogastropoda - Olividae
Oliva indica1 Vredenburg 1925 olive snail
SUBSPECIES: Oliva (Strephona) australis indica
 Neogastropoda - Melongenidae
Melongena lainei Basterot 1825 snail
 Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
Nassa (Hebra) bonneti Cossmann 1901 true whelk
SUBSPECIES: Nassa (Hebra) bonneti kachhensis
Hindsia granosa Sowerby 1840 true whelk
 Neogastropoda - Turridae
"Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) bonneti" = Hemipleurotoma bonneti
"Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) bonneti" = Hemipleurotoma bonneti Cossmann 1900 turrid
 Neogastropoda - Terebridae
"Terebra (Myurella) reticulata" = Myurella reticulata
"Terebra (Myurella) reticulata" = Myurella reticulata Sowerby 1840 auger snail
 Neogastropoda - Conidae
Conus (Lithoconus) brevis Sowerby 1840 cone shell
 Sorbeoconcha - Naticidae
Natica obscura2 Sowerby 1840 moon snail
 Opisthobranchia - Haminoeidae
"Atys protocylindrica" = Aliculastrum protocylindrica
"Atys protocylindrica" = Aliculastrum protocylindrica Vredenburg 1925 snail
Bivalvia
 Nuculida - Nuculidae
Nucula cancellata2 Vredenburg 1928 nut clam
 Ostreida - Gryphaeidae
"Ostrea imbricata" = Hyotissa imbricata2, "Ostrea lingua" = Gyrostrea lingua2
"Ostrea imbricata" = Hyotissa imbricata2 Lamarck 1819 imbricated oyster
"Ostrea lingua" = Gyrostrea lingua2 Sowerby 1840 oyster
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
Pecten (Chlamys) articulatus2 Sowerby 1840 scallop
 Pholadida - Corbulidae
Corbula tunicosulcata2 Vredenburg 1928 clam
 Carditida - Crassatellidae
Crassatella sulcata2 Solander 1866 clam
 Carditida - Carditidae