Loc. 9 (Tiyon Formation) (Eocene of Pakistan)

Where: Pakistan (25.3° N, 67.9° E: paleocoordinates 7.8° N, 61.7° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Tiyon Formation, Lutetian (47.8 - 41.3 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From the Tiyon Fm, which gradationally overlies the Laki Fm (Ypresian) and is gradationally overlain by the Kirthar Fm (Late Middle Eocene-Early Miocene). THICKNESS: 439 ft thick in total. AGE: Early Eocene-early Middle Eocene (Hunting Survey Corporation). Iqbal suggests that the age is not as old as Early Eocene, but is Middle Eocene. A Lutetian age is assigned by the enterer. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: From unknown position within formation.

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; poorly lithified, gypsiferous, shelly/skeletal, gray, green, yellow, calcareous shale

• ENVIRONMENT: Shallow marine environment, very shallow sea, not far from shore, and probably clear water conditions.
• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Shale, with subordinate marl and limestone. Shale is greenish grey, brown, yellowish grey, soft, crumbling, calcareous, gypsiferous, and fossiliferous. LITHIFICATION: Poorly-lithified on the basis of facies description.

Size class: macrofossils

Collected by Iqbal in 1966, 1972

Collection methods: surface (in situ),

• COLLECTOR: Iqbal (1966, 1972). REPOSITPRY: Geological Survey of Pakistan, Quetta.

Primary reference: M. W. A. Iqbal. 1973. Biostratigraphy of the Tiyon Formation (Middle Eocene) of Sind, Pakistan. Records of the Geological Survey of Pakistan 22:1-40 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis

PaleoDB collection 77376: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 09.01.2008

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Exhaustive for gastropoda and bivalvia. NOMENCLATURE: Authoritative publication, with somewhat antiquated nomenclature, though with subgenus and species-level assignments.
Gastropoda
 Neritoidea - Neritidae
Velates perversus Gmelin 1791 snail
 Cerithioidea - Turritellidae
 Neogastropoda - Volutidae
Gosavia humberti d'Archaic and Haime 1854 volute
 Sorbeoconcha - Cypraeidae
Gisortia gigantea Munster 1828 cowry
Bivalvia
 Mytilida - Mytilidae
"Mytilus cf. rimosus" = Perna rimosa
"Mytilus cf. rimosus" = Perna rimosa Lamarck 1805 mussel
 Lucinida - Lucinidae
Lucina exquisita Eames 1951 clam
 Carditida - Carditidae
Venericardia soriensis Eames 1951 clam