Locality KC (Upper Vale Fm.) (Permian of the United States)

Where: Knox County, Texas (33.7° N, 99.6° W: paleocoordinates 2.4° N, 29.0° W)

• coordinate estimated from map

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: "Bullwagon" Member (Vale Formation), Kungurian (279.3 - 272.3 Ma)

• "Robert Roth, of the Humble Oil and Refining Company of Wichita Falls, Texas, believes that surface and subsurface data show that the beds in question are part of the 'Bullwagon' member of the Vale formation. This places the section high in the Vale, just below the Choza." Olson (1948 p. 190);

•the base and top of the Clear Fork Group (i.e., Arroyo, Vale, and Choza formations) are both within the Kungurian: see Wardlaw 2005 (Permophiles) for the base, and DiMichele et al. 2001 (J Paleont) for the top

• member-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coarse channel fill; pebbly, green, red conglomerate

• "The channels are evidence that a rather large, braided stream passed north or south over the area in a valley of considerable width. The region must have had a moderately high annual rainfall to support the fauna and flora. The total rainfall was perhaps not greatly different from what it is today, and the temperature may have been quite similar, with possibly less seasonal variation. The rains, however appear to have been periodic and torrential [...] " Olson (1948, p. 192)
• "The channel fill is largely clay pebble conglomerate, with pebbles ranging from a few millimeters to about 8 cm. in diameter. Rounding of the pebbles is uniformly high, but sphericity is varied. [...] The coarsest material tend to lie at the center of the channel, whereas the marginal parts are predominantly sand or clay with fine scattered pebbles." Olson (1948, p. 191)

Size class: macrofossils

Collected by E. C. Olson in 1946, 1947; reposited in the FMNH

Primary reference: E. C. Olson. 1948. A Preliminary Report on Vertebrates from the Permian Vale Formation of Texas. Journal of Geology 56:186-198 [J. Mueller/T. Liebrecht]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 85552: authorized by Johannes Mueller, entered by Torsten Liebrecht on 08.01.2009, edited by Emma Dunne

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• The taxon Edaphosauridae sp., represented by the specimen CNHM UR 29, was removed from the taxon list according to Modesto et al. (2016; cf. PBD collection no. 85551)
Show authors, comments, and common names
Amphibia
 Nectridea - Diplocaulidae
Diplocaulus recurvatus3
Diplocaulus recurvatus3 Olson 1952 tetrapod
Reptilia
 Eureptilia - Captorhinidae
Captorhinus aguti2
Captorhinus aguti2 Cope 1882 eureptile
CNHM UR 118
Osteichthyes
 Synapsida - Sphenacodontidae
? Dimetrodon sp.
? Dimetrodon sp. Cope 1878 synapsid
 Caseasauria - Caseidae
Casea nicholsi n. sp.1
Casea nicholsi n. sp.1 Olson 1954 synapsid
CNHM UR 85, 86 (type)
Chondrichthyes
 Xenacanthiformes - Xenacanthidae
Xenacanthus sp.
Xenacanthus sp. Beyrich 1848 elasmobranch
1Olson 1954; 2Olson 1954; 3Olson 1958