Kitching Ridge (Fremouw Fm.) (Triassic of Antarctica)

Also known as Cumulus Hills

Where: Antarctica (85.2° S, 177.0° W: paleocoordinates 81.6° S, 69.5° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Lower Member (Fremouw Formation), Early/Lower Triassic (252.2 - 247.2 Ma)

• "lower portion of the Fremouw Formation, of Early Triassic age" (Colbert & Kitching, 1975);

•"The lowest vertebrate horizon is 13 m above the base. The Permian-Triassic boundary lies at the base or within the lower 13 m of the Fremouw Formation. [...] In the 1970 field season, [...] specimens were collected at 6 levels on bedding-plane surfaces, but exact stratigraphic position of each fossil was not recorded." (Collinson et al., 2006, GSA Bull. 118(5/6) p. 755; see also figs. 4 and 6 in that reference)

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: fluvial; medium-grained sandstone and gray, green mudstone

• "Late Permian and Triassic rocks in the central Transantarctic Mountains were deposited in a retroarc foreland basin (Dalziel and Elliot, 1982; Collinson, 1990, 1991; Isbell, 1991; Collinson et al., 1994)." (Collinson et al., 2006 p. 749); "The entire Upper Permian and Lower to Middle Triassic fluvial sequence in the central Transantarctic Mountains was deposited by low-sinuosity braided streams (Barrett et al., 1986)." (Collinson et al., 2006 p. 757)
• "A fining-upward cycle of 8 m of medium-grained sandstone followed by 5 m of greengray fine-grained strata." (Collinson et al., 2006, GSA Bull. 118(5/6) p.755)

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: mold/impression

Collected by J. W. Kitching, T. Rich, J. Ruben in 1970-1971; reposited in the AMNH, BPI

Collection methods: surface (in situ),

• "All specimens were collected by J. W. Kitching, except AMNH 9509, collected by Thomas Rich, and AMNH 9510, collected by John Ruben." (Colbert & Kitching, 1975)

Primary reference: E. H. Colbert and J. W. Kitching. 1975. The Triassic Reptile Procolophon in Antarctica. American Museum Novitates 2566:1-23 [J. Mueller/T. Liebrecht]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 87410: authorized by Johannes Mueller, entered by Torsten Liebrecht on 17.03.2009, edited by Richard Butler and Chris Sidor

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Osteichthyes
 Therocephalia -
Eutherocephalia indet.5 Hopson and Barghusen 1986 therapsid
AMNH FARB 9550, originally referred to Ericiolacerta parva by Colbert & Kitching (1981)
 Therocephalia - Ericiolacertidae
cf. Ericiolacerta parva5 Watson 1931 therapsid
AMNH 9542
 Therocephalia -
Pedaeosaurus parvus3 therapsid
AMNH 9548
Reptilia
 Diapsida - Prolacertidae
Prolacerta broomi1 Parrington 1935 archosauromorph
AMNH 9513, 9535, 9564, 9568, 9573, 9502
 Diapsida -
"Fremouwsaurus geludens n. gen. n. sp." = Palacrodon browni4
"Fremouwsaurus geludens n. gen. n. sp." = Palacrodon browni4 Broom 1906 diapsid
BP/1/5296, partial skull and lower jaw
 Parareptilia - Procolophonidae
Procolophon trigoniceps Owen 1876 parareptile
AMNH 9501, 9506, 9508-12
Amphibia
 Temnospondyli -
Cryobatrachus kitchingi n. gen. n. sp.2
Cryobatrachus kitchingi n. gen. n. sp.2 Colbert and Cosgriff 1974 tetrapod
AMNH 9503 (holotype), skull lacking palate and braincase. AMNH 9537, 9540