Samwel Cave No. II (Pleistocene of the United States)

Also known as Samwell Cave

Where: Shasta County, California (40.9° N, 122.2° W: paleocoordinates 40.9° N, 122.2° W)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Late/Upper Pleistocene (0.1 - 0.0 Ma)

• the main deposit was "excavated, in places, to a depth of four feet, and in that thicknes shows six distinctly separated layers of clay, breccia and stalagmite"

•said to be Wisconsinan by Kurten and Anderson (1980)

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: terrestrial; muddy breccia

• "an accumulation of mud, stalagmite and gravel"

Size class: macrofossils

Collected in 1903; reposited in the UCMP

Collection methods: quarrying,

Primary reference: E. L. Furlong. 1904. An account of the preliminary excavations in a recently explored Quaternary cave in Shasta County, California. Science 20:53-55 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 93250: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 09.01.2010

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Mammalia
 Megatherioidea - Megalonychidae
Megalonyx sp. Harlan 1825 edentate
 Artiodactyla - Cervidae
Odocoileus sp. Rafinesque 1832 New World deer
"sp. (a)" and "sp. (b)"
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Euceratherium collinum Furlong and Sinclair 1904 shrub ox
plus "Euceratherium n. sp."
 Carnivora - Felidae
"Felis hippolestes" = Puma concolor
"Felis hippolestes" = Puma concolor Linnaeus 1771 puma
 Carnivora - Ursidae
Ursus sp. Linnaeus 1758 bear
two forms, one said to be new
 Carnivora - Mustelidae
Mustela sp. Linnaeus 1758 weasel
 Carnivora - Mephitidae
"Mephitis occidentalis" = Mephitis mephitis
"Mephitis occidentalis" = Mephitis mephitis Schreber 1776 striped skunk
 Carnivora - Procyonidae
Procyon cf. lotor Linnaeus 1758 raccoon
"Procyon near lotor"
 Carnivora - Canidae
"Urocyon townsendi" = Urocyon cinereoargenteus townsendi
"Urocyon townsendi" = Urocyon cinereoargenteus townsendi Merriam 1899 gray fox
 Lagomorpha - Leporidae
"Lepus audubonii" = Sylvilagus audubonii, Lepus sp.
"Lepus audubonii" = Sylvilagus audubonii Baird 1858 desert cottontail
"Lepus auduboni"
Lepus sp. Linnaeus 1758 hare
 Rodentia - Aplodontidae
"Aplodontia cf. major" = Aplodontia rufa
"Aplodontia cf. major" = Aplodontia rufa Rafinesque 1817 mountain beaver
"Aplodontia near major"
 Rodentia - Sciuridae
"Citellus douglasi" = Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, Sciurus sp.
"Citellus douglasi" = Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Erxleben 1777 Douglas squirrel
Sciurus sp. Linnaeus 1758 squirrel
 Rodentia - Erethizontidae
"Erethizon epixanthus" = Erethizon dorsatum epixanthus
"Erethizon epixanthus" = Erethizon dorsatum epixanthus Brandt 1835 North American porcupine
 Rodentia - Cricetidae
Microtus sp. Schrank 1798 vole
Neotoma sp. Say and Ord 1825 pack rat
Neotoma fuscipes Baird 1858 dusky-footed woodrat