USGS 3748-CO, northeast of Gold Point (Cambrian of the United States)

Where: Esmeralda County, Nevada (37.4° N, 117.4° W: paleocoordinates 1.2° S, 95.3° W)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Arcuolenellus arcuatus trilobite zone, Harkless Formation, Dyeran (515.3 - 511.2 Ma)

• The macrofauna described by Palmer (1964) includes olenellids, oryctocephalids and trilobite genera such as Bonnia and Zacanthopsis, clearly indicating a late Early Cambrian age (Dyeran Stage, or Bonnia-Olenellus Zone; Palmer 1998). The presence of younger Early Cambrian trilobite assemblages (including Bristolia) in the overlying Mule Springs and basal Emigrant Formations (Palmer 1964; Sundberg & McCollum 2003) indicate that the age of the assemblage may be attributable to the lower or middle parts of the Dyeran stage. PJW: This would probably be the Arcuolenellus arcuatus subzone.

• formation-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: lithified, calcareous sandstone and lithified, sandy limestone

• All originally phosphatic shells present in the Harkless Formation assemblage have been subjected to the activity of boring micro-organisms. Traces of perforations are present on many shell surfaces (e.g. Figs. 2A, 6A, 6E, 6J), and many specimens are broken along zones of weakness induced by the borings. Similar micro-borings in Cambrian shells have been attributed to cyanobacteria (e.g. Runnegar in Bengtson et al. 1990; Stockfors & Peel 2005).
• The material described herein was collected from sandy limestones and carbonate cemented sandstones in the upper Harkless Formation (attributed to the Saline Valley Formation; Palmer 1964), about 12 meters above a prominent sandstone unit. The upper part of the Harkless Formation in Esmeralda County is difficult to correlate with coeval sections further to the south in the Great Basin, but is probably laterally continuous with the Saline Valley Formation, as recognised in northern Inyo County, California (Palmer 1971; Hollingsworth pers. com. 2005).

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Preservation: cast, replaced with calcite, replaced with phosphate

Reposited in the USNM

Primary reference: C. B. Skovsted and L. E. Holmer. 2006. The Lower Cambrian brachiopod Kyrshabaktella and associated shelly fossils from the Harkless Formation, southern Nevada. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 128(4):327-337 [P. Wagner/P. Wagner]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 96417: authorized by Pete Wagner, entered by Pete Wagner on 07.06.2010, edited by Melanie Hopkins

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• See Palmer (1964) for trilobites, etc.
unclassified
  -
Porifera "indet. 1" Grant 1836
Sponge spicule type 1
Porifera "indet. 2" Grant 1836
Sponge spicule type 2
 Hyolithelminthida - Hyolithellidae
Hyolithellus insolitus Voronin et al. 1982
unclassified
  -
Echinodermata indet. Klein 1754
Echinoderm sclerites
Lingulata
 Lingulida - Kyrshabaktellidae
Kyrshabaktella sp. Koneva 1986
 Lingulida - Acrothelidae
? Eothele spurri Walcott 1908
 Acrotretida -
? Hadrotreta primaea Walcott 1902
Polychaeta
  -
Trilobita
 Ptychopariida - Ptychopariidae
"? Syspacephalus sp." = Ptychoparella
"? Syspacephalus sp." = Ptychoparella Poulson 1927 trilobite
 Corynexochida - Oryctocephalidae
Goldfieldia pacifica n. gen. n. sp.
Goldfieldia pacifica n. gen. n. sp. Palmer 1964 trilobite
 Corynexochida - Dorypygidae
Bonnia caperata n. sp. Palmer 1964 trilobite
Olenoides sp. Meek 1877 trilobite
Ogygopsis batis trilobite
 Corynexochida - Zacanthoididae
Zacanthopsina eperephes n. gen. n. sp. Palmer 1964 trilobite
Zacanthopsis contractus n. sp. Palmer 1964 trilobite
? Stephenaspis avitus n. sp. Palmer 1964 trilobite
 Redlichiida - Olenellidae
Paedeumias granulatus n. sp. Palmer 1964 trilobite
 Redlichiida - Wanneriidae
Wanneria cf. walcottana Wanner 1901 trilobite