Hilltop quarries, Wilcox S. Quarry, Griffin's S. Quarry (Triassic of the United Kingdom)

Where: England, United Kingdom (52.3° N, 2.1° W: paleocoordinates 15.2° N, 11.0° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• local area-level geographic resolution

When: Finstall Member (Bromsgrove Sandstone Formation), Anisian (247.2 - 242.0 Ma)

• Bromsgrove Sandstone dated as Anisian on the basis of palynology (Benton et al. 1994); Finstall Member formerly known as the "Building Stones"

• member-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: fluvial-lacustrine; muddy, calcareous conglomerate and gravel

• "Wills interpreted the fossiliferous lenticular beds as deposits formed in channels, pools, or lakes on the floodplain and envisaged cyclothemic sedimentation from temporary rivers gradually filling the shallow subsiding Midland Cuvette"

•"Warrington considered the Bromsgrove Sandstone Formation as comprising a sequence of low-sinuosity, braided stream deposits, followed by deposits representing higher-sinuosity meandering rivers: fining-upward fluvial cycles are well developed. The floral and faunal evidence indicates freshwater or brackish conditions at the time of deposition of the fossiliferous units" (Benton et al. 1994)

• "15-20 m of alternating sandstones and shales and a "marl conglomerate" (i.e. intraformational breccia or conglomerate), in lenticular units, with the sandstones apparently cross-bedded"

•"Wills noted that the majority of the fossils came from "lenticular beds of marl and shale, while some appear in the sandstone. Some horizons were very carbonaceous, and those contained abundant fragmentary arachnid remains. The red marl and red sandstone were barren of fossils, and plants occurred in the gray sandstone. Wills (1907) noted that "the Labyrinthodont remains, next to the plants, are the most abundant fossils, but are apparently confined to the marl conglomerate." This unit was the source of most of the bones. Wills (1907) believed that the marl conglomerate formed "a definite horizon in all four quarries." It was known locally as "Cat-brain" and consisted "of small pieces of marl, mostly gray in color, cemented, along with bits of bone or wood and sand, into a compact rock. This hardens to a very tough stone, though one only fit for rough work...They are associated with one or more laminae, covered with fragments of carbonized wood. Further, it is in or close to, these marl-conglomerates that most of the teeth and bones of the vertebrates and pieces of stems of plants are found - a significant fact when we consider how many bone-beds are conglomeratic especially in the Trias.. .in some cases [the conglomerates] appear to have decayed in situ: they are then reduced to a friable and crumbly state, while their color is in parts ochreous and others brown, instead of the usual green" (Benton et al. 1994)

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: adpression

Collection methods: CAMSM, Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge

Primary reference: M. J. Benton and A. D. Walker. 1996. Rhombopholis, a prolacertiform reptile from the Middle Triassic of England. Palaeontology 39(3):763-782 [R. Butler/R. Butler]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 97695: authorized by Richard Butler, entered by Richard Butler on 24.08.2010

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Amphibia
 Temnospondyli -
Mastodonsaurus sp.4 Jaeger 1828 tetrapod
BIRUG 1, skull plate, ?vertebra, ?tooth
 Temnospondyli - Cyclotosauridae
Cyclotosaurus pachygnathus4 tetrapod
BIRUG 2, lower jaw
Reptilia
 Rhynchosauria - Rhynchosauridae
"Rhynchosaurus brodiei" = Langeronyx brodiei1
"Rhynchosaurus brodiei" = Langeronyx brodiei1 Benton 1990 rhynchosaur
CAMSM G336, G337, maxillae
 Pseudosuchia - Ctenosauriscidae
Bromsgroveia walkeri2 Galton 1985 archosaur
CAMSM G.344a-f, sacral vertebra; CAMSM G.352, tooth; CAMSM G.353, posterior caudal vertebra; CAMSM G.357, proximal archosaur femur; BU 2473, dorsal vertebra
 Prolacertiformes -
Rhombopholis scutulata Owen 1842 archosauromorph
CAMSM G.343, dorsal vertebra
 Sauropterygia -
Nothosauria indet.4 Baur 1889 nothosaur
CAMSM G.351, neural arch
Osteichthyes
 Dipnoi - Ceratodontidae
Ceratodus sp.3 Agassiz 1838 lungfish
Actinopteri
 Perleidiformes - Perleididae
Dipteronotus sp.3 Egerton 1854
Chondrichthyes
 Hybodontiformes - Acrodontidae
Acrodus sp.3 Agassiz 1834 elasmobranch
Polychaeta
 Sabellida - Serpulidae
Spirorbis sp.3 Daudin 1800
Bivalvia
 Mytilida - Mytilidae
? Mytilus sp.3 Linnaeus 1758 mussel
Branchiopoda
 Diplostraca - Euestheriidae
Euestheria sp.3 Depéret and Mazeran 1912 clam shrimp
Voltziopsida
 Voltziales - Voltziaceae
Voltzia heterophylla4 Brongniart 1828
Polypodiopsida
 Equisetales - Equisetidae
Schizoneura paradoxa4 Schimper and Mougeot 1844