Chondrichthyes - Acanthodiformes - Acanthodidae
Parent taxon: Acanthodiformes according to J. S. Nelson et al. 2016
See also Carroll 1988, Denison 1979 and Hay 1902
Sister taxa: Cheiracanthidae, Howittacanthidae, Mesacanthidae, Mesacanthus
Subtaxa: Acanthodes Carycinacanthus Cheiracanthus Homalacanthus Protogonacanthus Pseudacanthodes Traquairichthys Triazeugacanthus Utahacanthus
Ecology: nektonic carnivore
Distribution:
• Wolfcamp of United States (1: New Mexico collection)
• Permian of the Czech Republic (7), France (2), United States (3: Kansas, Oklahoma)
• Virgilian of United States (5: Kansas, New Mexico)
• Carboniferous of Belarus (1), China (1), the Russian Federation (1), the United Kingdom (13), United States (6: Montana, New Mexico, Utah)
• Devonian of Belarus (11), Canada (1: Quebec), Estonia (3), Latvia (2), the Russian Federation (9), South Africa (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (1: Iowa)
Total: 69 collections including 109 occurrences