Angiospermae - Fagales - Betulaceae
Full reference: S. F. Gray. 1822. A natural arrangement of British plants: according to their relations to each other as pointed out by Jussieu, De Candolle, Brown, etc. 2
Parent taxon: Fagales according to The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016
See also Chandler 1961, Chandler 1963, Engler 1892, Hickey 1977, Knowlton 1919, Knowlton 1926, Mabberley 2000, MacGinitie 1941, Ozaki 1974, Shoshani et al. 1989 and Taylor et al. 2008
Sister taxa: Casuarinaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Myricaceae, Nothofagaceae, Nothofagidites, Ticodendraceae
Subtaxa: Alnipollenites Alnites Alnites Alnophyllum Alnoxylon Alnus Betula Betulapollenites Betuliphyllum Betulites Betuloxylon Carpinicarpus Carpinoxylon Carpinus Corylites Coryloxylon Corylus Cranea Eucarpinoxylon Hooleya Ostrya Ostryoxylon Polyporopollenites Triporatus
Ecology: "photoautotroph"
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Canada (3: Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario collections), France (4), India (35), Italy (1), Japan (7), Laos (1), Norway (1), Peru (1), the United Kingdom (4), United States (15: Alaska, Michigan, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Washington)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Bolivia (1), Italy (1)
• Pliocene of Canada (1: Northwest Territories), China (5), Germany (10), Japan (3), Portugal (11), the Russian Federation (1), Slovakia (1), United States (4: California, Florida, Massachusetts, Nevada)
• Hemphillian of United States (1: Tennessee)
• Miocene to Oligocene of United States (1: Montana)
• Miocene to Pliocene of France (1), Germany (1), Japan (5)
• Neogene of China (1)
• Miocene of Argentina (1), Azerbaijan (2), Canada (1: Northwest Territories), China (11), Germany (68), Japan (15), Poland (2), the Russian Federation (22), Switzerland (1), Turkey (2), United States (37: California, Idaho, Maryland, Massachusetts, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, Virginia, Washington)
• Oligocene to Eocene of United States (1: Oregon)
• Oligocene to Miocene of Germany (1), United States (4: Maryland, Montana)
• Oligocene of Azerbaijan (1), Canada (1: British Columbia), the Czech Republic (3), Germany (20), Japan (1), the Russian Federation (17), the United Kingdom (1), United States (11: Idaho, Montana, Oregon)
• Eocene of Canada (7: British Columbia, Nunavut), China (4), Germany (1), Japan (1), Myanmar (7), the United Kingdom (6), United States (139: Alabama, Alaska, California, Idaho, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Dakota, Texas, Virginia, Washington, Wyoming, Wyoming )
• Clarkforkian of United States (53: North Dakota, Wyoming)
• Paleocene to Oligocene of Canada (1: Nunavut)
• Paleocene to Eocene of Canada (1: Nunavut), United States (9: Virginia, Wyoming)
• Paleogene of India (1)
• Paleocene of Canada (7: Manitoba), China (2), the United Kingdom (2), United States (68: Colorado, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Virginia, Wyoming)
• Tertiary of Canada (1: Nunavut), Japan (2)
• Cretaceous to Neogene of China (1)
• Cretaceous of Antarctica (1), Canada (6: Alberta, British Columbia), China (1), United States (1: Texas)
Total: 665 collections including 1257 occurrences