Parent taxon: Syntrophiidina according to J. Hansen and L. E. Holmer 2011
See also Benedetto 2003, Popov et al. 2005, Williams et al. 2002, Zhan et al. 2010 and Zhan et al. 2010
Sister taxa: Camerelloidea, Porambonitacea, Syntrophioidea
Subtaxa: Clarkellidae Eostrophiidae Huenellidae Syntrophiidae Tetralobulidae
Ecology: stationary epifaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Silurian of Bolivia (1 collection)
• Whiterockian of United States (21: California, Nevada, Utah)
• Fennian of Canada (1: New Brunswick)
• Volkhov of the Russian Federation (1)
• Dawan of China (11)
• Arenigian of Argentina (3), China (10), the Russian Federation (1), United States (1: Nevada)
• Arenig of Argentina (2), Canada (1: New Brunswick), China (37), the United Kingdom (1), United States (4: Montana, Nevada)
• Canadian of Canada (4: Northwest Territories), United States (3: Maryland)
• Ordovician of Argentina (1), Australia (2), Canada (15: Alberta, British Columbia, Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Quebec), China (34), Iran (1), Ireland (1), Kazakhstan (3), Norway (3), the Russian Federation (16), Svalbard and Jan Mayen (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (58: Arkansas, California, Idaho, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New York, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Virginia)
• Tremadoc of Argentina (4), China (16), the Russian Federation (6), United States (3: Montana, Utah, Vermont)
• Cressagian of South Korea (1)
• Skullrockian of United States (4: Utah)
• Ibexian of Canada (1: Alberta), United States (3: Nevada)
• Ordian of Australia (1)
• Cambrian to Ordovician of the Russian Federation (2)
• Cambrian of Australia (1), Canada (1: Quebec), China (28), Iran (4), Kazakhstan (10), the Russian Federation (5), United States (5: Montana, Texas, Vermont, Wisconsin)
Total: 333 collections including 419 occurrences