Parent taxon: Trilobita according to J. M. Adrain 2011
See also Jell and Adrain 2002
Sister taxa: Aglagalia, Agraulaeva, Aguaraya, Aldonaiidae, Altajaharpes, Amechilus, Amgaspididae, Ampellatocephalina, Anacopodia, Antagmidae, Antatlaeva, Atopidae, Auritamidae, Avoninidae, Batchatiella, Bathynotidae, Beikedamaspis, Bergerolimbus, Burlingiidae, Carmon, Changshaniidae, Chinensis, Corynexochida, Crossoura, Curiaspis, Cuyanaspis, Cyclolenzellina, Dalmanites troosti, Deltacare, Devonocoryphe, Edganocare, Elleria, Elleria morani, Ellipsocephaloididae, Ellipsuella, Entomostracites, Erbenochile, Eulomella, Eutrilobita, Fabulaspis, Faciura, Gentilaspis, Gigmpeltis, Goycoia, Harpetida, Helioproetoides, Holocephalinidae, Howelluella, Idiorapha, Ignotogregatidae, Indigestus, Irvingelloides, Ishpella, Issafenia, Ityophoridae, Jamrogiidae, Jonotus, Juriietella, Kamlacus, Kanfuqingia, Leptopilus, Libristoma, Lichida, Llanoaspididae, Loxopeltis, Lusampa, Mapaniidae, Megalaspidicus, Meneghinella, Metapopristis, Monkaspididae, Moolatrilo, Moretaeva, Moretarva, Namanoiidae, Neochilonorria, Neomalungia, Neotaenicephalus, Nepeidae, Odontopleurida, Ogygiocaridinae, Olenida, Onchonotopsidae, Opisthoparia, Orictocara, Otekmaspis, Otenaspella, Paichiashania, Paleoaethia, Parakingaspidoides, Pararania, Peculicephalina, Perissopyge, Phacopida, Piliolites, Pliomerellus, Poculicephalina, Polycyrtaspididae, Prodamesella, Proetida, Proparia, Pseudoacicaudus, Pseudoclelandia, Pseudocrecephalaspina, Pseudosalteria, Pseudosarkia, Pseudotermierella, Ptyttstrigis, Punctaspis, Redlichiida, Remopleuridacea, Repinaella, Resseria, Resseropsis, Rochaeva, Sarkiidae, Serksia, Serksioides, Sibiriopeltis, Sphaerocare, Spizharaspis, Stittaspis, Sukhanaspis, Sunaspididae, Taidonurus, Taplimella, Tazemmourtia, Thymurus, Toxotis, Trapezocephalina, Triarthrella, Trilobus, Tuberaspis, Tuyunaspis, Ulrickaspis, Utiidae, Westergardia, Winsteria, Wuaniidae, Zigzuella
Subtaxa: Cyphoniscus Hanzhongaspis Holdenia Isocolus Liangshanocephalus Paratiresias Pradesia Pseudopetigurus Thomondia Thoralocolus Tiresias Triarthroides
Ecology: fast-moving low-level epifaunal carnivore
Distribution:
• Whiterockian of Canada (1: Newfoundland and Labrador collection)
• Arenigian of China (4)
• Klabava of the Czech Republic (1)
• Ordovician of China (5), France (1), Iran (2), Ireland (3), Spain (2), Sweden (6), United States (3: Virginia)
• Tremadoc of France (2)
Total: 30 collections including 34 occurrences