Superorder Cichlomorphae (ray-finned fish)
Parent taxon: Ovalentariae according to R. Betancur et al. 2013
Sister taxa: Ambassidae, Atherinomorphae, Blenniimorphae, Embiotocidae, Mugilomorphae, Plesiopidae, Polycentridae, Pomacentridae, Pseudochromidae
Subtaxa: Cichliformes Pholidichthyiformes
Ecology: nektonic omnivore