Amphibia - Salientia - Bufonidae
Parent taxon: Bufonidae according to R. Estes and R. Wassersug 1963
See also Böhme 2010, Carroll 1988, Cope 1875, Eshelman et al. 2025, Estes and Tihen 1964, Frank and Ramus 1996, Holman et al. 1990, Holman et al. 1986, Holman and Sullivan 1981, Kotsakis 1977, Lynch 1965, Parmley 1992, Sanchiz 1998 and Venczel and Stiuca 2008
Sister taxa: Anaxyrus, Bufotes, Epidalea, Peltophryne, Rhinella
Subtaxa: Bufo alienus Bufo alvarius Bufo americanus Bufo bufo Bufo calamita Bufo campi Bufo cognatus Bufo defensor Bufo hibbardi Bufo holmani Bufo kuhrei Bufo linquensis Bufo marinus Bufo melanostictus Bufo nestor Bufo obstetricans Bufo pliocompactilis Bufo praevius Bufo quercicus Bufo repentinus Bufo rexroadensis Bufo serratus Bufo spongifrons Bufo suspectus Bufo terrestris Bufo tiheni Bufo valentinensis Bufo viridis Bufo woodhousei
Ecology: amphibious carnivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Austria (1 collection), Belgium (1), Bolivia (1), Canada (2: British Columbia, Quebec), Croatia (1), France (25), Georgia (1), Germany (8), Greece (14), Hungary (9), India (1), Italy (14), Japan (1), Malta (1), Mexico (2), Morocco (2), the Netherlands (1), Northern Mariana Islands (2), Peru (1), the Philippines (2), Poland (9), Portugal (1), Romania (1), Spain (27), Tunisia (1), the United Kingdom (23), United States (82: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Sussex, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)
• Villafranchian of Greece (1), Hungary (3), Italy (1), Slovakia (1), Spain (1)
• MN 16 of Italy (1), Poland (1), Spain (1)
• Blancan of United States (9: Arizona, Kansas, Nebraska)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of France (1), Hungary (3)
• Pliocene of Greece (1), Hungary (4), Italy (1), Morocco (1), Poland (2), Romania (1), Spain (3), Türkiye (1), United States (1: Oregon)
• Turolian of the Russian Federation (1)
• Hemphillian of Mexico (1), United States (10: Arizona, Florida, Indiana, Kansas, Nebraska)
• Miocene of Austria (2), Canada (1: Saskatchewan), China (2), Colombia (1), Czechia (1), Germany (4), Hungary (2), Italy (4), Kazakhstan (1), Moldova (1), Romania (1), Slovakia (1), Spain (1), Ukraine (1), United States (14: Florida, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota)
• Oligocene of United States (1: Florida)
• Eocene to Miocene of France (1)
• Cretaceous of Portugal (1)
Total: 324 collections including 445 occurrences
Specimen images are retrieved through the ePANDDA API.
Click image to enlarge. Click to access iDigBio record.